자연 과학 SAT - Chemistry

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

폴리머

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

동위원소

having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions

반응성, 반응성

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

방사능의, 방사능의

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

공유 결합, 코발렌트 결합

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

이중 결합, 더블 본드

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

친수성의

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

소수성의, 물을 싫어하는

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

발열 반응, 열을 방출하는 반응

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

흡열 반응, 열을 흡수하는 반응

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

원자량, 평균 원자량

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

분자량, 분자의 질량

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

질량 수, 원자 질량

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

몰

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

비커, 용기

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

피펫

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

원심분리기, 센트리피지

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

지시약지, 테스트 용지

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

주기율표, 원소 표

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

석회화, 칼시피케이션

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

적정, 티트레이션

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

발효

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

농도, 함량

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

마이크로 프로브

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

다성분 합금, 다중 성분 합금

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

라디칼, 화학적 라디칼

a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research

검사, 분석

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

동적 평형, 화학 평형

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

전기분해

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

녹이다, 녹다

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

희석하다, 농도를 낮추다

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

현탁시키다, 분산시키다

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

용해화, 용해

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

미세구조, 마이크로구조

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

나노튜브

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

용해된, 녹은

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

상, 상태

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

디톡스하다, 유해 물질을 중화하다

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

결정의, 결정체의

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

결정학자

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

우주화학자

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

크로마토그래피

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

베타 붕괴, 베타 분해

not having an electrical charge

충전되지 않은, 중성의

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

응축기, 응축장치

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

반데르발스 힘, 반데르발스 상호작용

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

금속 공학자

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

흡착, 표면 흡착

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

바이오디젤, 바이오 연료

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

공정

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

슈퍼흡수제, 초흡수제