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Scienze Naturali SAT - Chemistry

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi legate alla chimica, come "polimero", "isotopo", "reattivo", ecc. che ti serviranno per superare i tuoi SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
polymer
[sostantivo]

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polimero, polimero grande

polimero, polimero grande

Ex: Polyester is a versatile polymer used in fabrics , clothing , and plastic bottles .
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isotope
[sostantivo]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isotopo, isotopi

isotopo, isotopi

Ex: Isotopes play a crucial role in understanding nuclear reactions , radiometric dating , and various applications in science and technology .
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radioactive
[aggettivo]

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioattivo

radioattivo

Ex: Geiger counters are used to detect and measure levels radioactive contamination .
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covalent bond
[sostantivo]

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

legame covalente, banda covalente

legame covalente, banda covalente

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double bond
[sostantivo]

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

doppio legame, legame doppio

doppio legame, legame doppio

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hydrophilic
[aggettivo]

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

idrofili, affini all'acqua

idrofili, affini all'acqua

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hydrophobic
[aggettivo]

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

idrorepellente, idrofobo

idrorepellente, idrofobo

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a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

reazione esotermica, reazione che libera calore

reazione esotermica, reazione che libera calore

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a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

reazione endothermica, processo endothermico

reazione endothermica, processo endothermico

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atomic mass
[sostantivo]

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

massa atomica, massa atomica media

massa atomica, massa atomica media

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mass number
[sostantivo]

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

numero di massa, massa atomica

numero di massa, massa atomica

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mole
[sostantivo]

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

mole, molecula

mole, molecula

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pipette
[sostantivo]

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

pipetta, pipettone

pipetta, pipettone

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centrifuge
[sostantivo]

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

centrifuga, centrifugo

centrifuga, centrifugo

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periodic table
[sostantivo]

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

tabella periodica, tavola periodica

tabella periodica, tavola periodica

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calcification
[sostantivo]

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

calcificazione, sprissatura

calcificazione, sprissatura

Ex: Marine biologists calcification in corals to understand the effects of ocean acidification .
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titration
[sostantivo]

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

titolazione, titratura

titolazione, titratura

Ex: Titration can determine the unknown concentration of a solute by using a standard solution of known concentration .
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fermentation
[sostantivo]

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

fermentazione, fermento

fermentazione, fermento

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concentration
[sostantivo]

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

concentrazione, diluzione

concentrazione, diluzione

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radical
[sostantivo]

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

radicale, gruppo radicalico

radicale, gruppo radicalico

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assay
[sostantivo]

a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research

saggio, analisi

saggio, analisi

Ex: Researchers used assay to determine the potency of the new antibiotic .
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equilibrium
[sostantivo]

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

equilibrio dinamico, stato di equilibrio

equilibrio dinamico, stato di equilibrio

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electrolysis
[sostantivo]

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

elettrolisi, processo di elettrolisi

elettrolisi, processo di elettrolisi

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(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

dissolvere

dissolvere

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to dilute
[Verbo]

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

diluire, diluirlo

diluire, diluirlo

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to suspend
[Verbo]

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

sospendere, disperdere

sospendere, disperdere

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nanotube
[sostantivo]

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

nanotubo, tubulo nano

nanotubo, tubulo nano

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molten
[aggettivo]

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

fuso, fusa

fuso, fusa

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phase
[sostantivo]

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

fase, stato

fase, stato

Ex: Scientists observed the phase under the microscope .
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to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

disintossicare, detossificare

disintossicare, detossificare

Ex: The liver detoxifies the body by eliminating harmful substances .
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crystalline
[aggettivo]

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

cristallino, cristallizzato

cristallino, cristallizzato

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crystallographer
[sostantivo]

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

cristallografo, cristallografa

cristallografo, cristallografa

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chromatography
[sostantivo]

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

cromatografia, metodo cromatografico

cromatografia, metodo cromatografico

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beta decay
[sostantivo]

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

decadenza beta, beta decadenza

decadenza beta, beta decadenza

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uncharged
[aggettivo]

not having an electrical charge

neutro, senza carica

neutro, senza carica

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condenser
[sostantivo]

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

condensatore, condenser

condensatore, condenser

Ex: The distiller attached condenser to the pot still to separate alcohol vapor from the mash .
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weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

forze di van der Waals, interazioni di van der Waals

forze di van der Waals, interazioni di van der Waals

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metallurgist
[sostantivo]

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

metallurgista, esperto di metallurgia

metallurgista, esperto di metallurgia

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adsorption
[sostantivo]

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

adsorbimento, adsorbimento superficiale

adsorbimento, adsorbimento superficiale

Ex: Surface area and porosity significantly influence adsorption capacity of materials used in environmental cleanup processes .
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biodiesel
[sostantivo]

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

biodiesel, biocarburante

biodiesel, biocarburante

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eutectic
[sostantivo]

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

eutettico, eutettica

eutettico, eutettica

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