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Необходимый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Математика и измерение

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о математике и измерениях, такие как "расчет", "дробь", "диаметр" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
calculation
calculation
[существительное]

the act of finding a number or amount using mathematics

вычисление

вычисление

Ex: He made a quick calculation to estimate the total cost of the project. 
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arithmetic
arithmetic
[существительное]

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

арифметика

арифметика

Ex: Students in elementary school learn basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 
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mathematical
mathematical
[прилагательное]

related to or used in mathematics

математический

математический

Ex: She employed mathematical equations to solve complex problems in physics. 
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numerical
numerical
[прилагательное]

represented in numbers

численный

численный

Ex: The numerical values of the measurements were recorded in a spreadsheet. 
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ordinal number
ordinal number
[существительное]

a number that indicates the position of something in a sequence or series

порядковый номер

порядковый номер

Ex: "First" is an example of an ordinal number. 
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measure
measure
[существительное]

the quantity, amount, or degree of something

мера, количество

мера, количество

Ex: The measure of sugar needed for the recipe is two cups. 
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value
value
[существительное]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

стоимость

стоимость

Ex: In algebra, variables represent unknown values that can be determined through equations. 
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fraction
fraction
[существительное]

a number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b

дробь

дробь

Ex: One-half (1/2) is a simple fraction. 
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digit
digit
[существительное]

one of the numbers from 0 to 9

цифра

цифра

Ex: My phone number starts with the digit 3, making it easy to remember. 
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diameter
diameter
[существительное]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

диаметр

диаметр

Ex: The diameter of a circle is the longest distance between any two points on its circumference, passing through the center. 
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equation
equation
[существительное]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

уравнение

уравнение

Ex: In algebra, solving equations involves finding the values of variables that satisfy the equality stated. 
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parallel
parallel
[прилагательное]

having an equal distance from each other at every point

параллельный

параллельный

Ex: The two lines on the graph are parallel, indicating no change in their relationship. 
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decimal
decimal
[прилагательное]

relating to a system of numbers based on powers of ten, where quantities are expressed using digits, including fractions and whole numbers

десятичный

десятичный

Ex: In the decimal system, numbers are represented using digits from 0 to 9, with each place value indicating a power of ten. 
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vertical
vertical
[прилагательное]

positioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down

вертикальный

вертикальный

Ex: The skyscraper's vertical lines gave it a sleek and modern appearance. 
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width
width
[существительное]

the distance of something from side to side

ширина

ширина

Ex: The width of the river is about 50 meters. 
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unit
unit
[существительное]

a standard measure used to tell the amount of something

единица

единица

Ex: A dozen is a unit of twelve items. 
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function
function
[существительное]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

функция

функция

Ex: In calculus, a function represents a relationship between input and output variables, often denoted as f(x). 
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circumference
circumference
[существительное]

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

окружность

окружность

Ex: The formula for finding the circumference of a sphere involves multiplying the diameter by π (pi). 
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axis
axis
[существительное]

the central point or line around which an object turns

ось

ось

Ex: The Earth spins on its axis once every twenty-four hours. 
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probability
probability
[существительное]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

вероятность

вероятность

Ex: The probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one-sixth. 
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dimension
dimension
[существительное]

a measure of the height, length, or width of an object in a certain direction

измерение

измерение

Ex: The architect carefully considered every dimension of the building to ensure it fit seamlessly into the surrounding landscape. 
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to subtract
to subtract
[глагол]

(mathematics) to take a number from another number and find out the difference

вычитать

вычитать

Ex: If you subtract 4 from 9, you get 5. 
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to total
to total
[глагол]

to add up numbers or quantities to find the overall amount

составлять сумму

составлять сумму

Ex: To total the expenses, add up all the receipts from the business trip. 
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cubic
cubic
[прилагательное]

indicating a unit of measurement that includes volume of a cube

кубический

кубический

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ounce
ounce
[существительное]

a unit for measuring weight equal to approximately 28.34 grams

унция

унция

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gallon
gallon
[существительное]

a unit used to measure liquids in the United States, equivalent to approximately 3.785 liters

галлон

галлон

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bar chart
bar chart
[существительное]

a graphical display of information consisting of narrow rectangular lines whose heights depend on the value that they are representing

гистограмма

гистограмма

Ex: The bar chart compared the sales of different products last year. 
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pie chart
pie chart
[существительное]

a graphical display of the difference between the parts of a whole shown by dividing a circle into several segments

круговая диаграмма

круговая диаграмма

Ex: The pie chart showed that 40% of our budget is allocated to marketing. 
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acre
acre
[существительное]

a unit used in North America and Britain for measuring land area that equals 4047 square meters or 4840 square yards

акр

акр

Ex: A typical soccer field covers about 1.5 acres. 
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formula
formula
[существительное]

(mathematics) a rule or law represented in symbols, letters, or numbers

формула

формула

Ex: The quadratic formula provides a method for finding the roots of a quadratic equation. 
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accountant
accountant
[существительное]

someone whose job is to keep or check financial accounts

бухгалтер, счетовод

бухгалтер, счетовод

Ex: She decided to become an accountant because she enjoys working with numbers and financial data. 
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analyst
analyst
[существительное]

a trained individual who evaluates information and data to provide insights and make informed decisions in various fields such as finance, economics, business, technology, etc.

аналитик

аналитик

Ex: The market analyst predicted a surge in stock prices based on recent economic indicators. 
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