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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Matematică și Măsurare

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre matematică și măsurare, cum ar fi "calcul", "fracție", "diametru" etc., necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
calculation
calculation
[substantiv]

the process of using mathematics to determine a number, amount, or result

calcul,  calculare

calcul, calculare

Ex: Emma made a quick calculation to estimate the cost of the trip. 
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arithmetic
arithmetic
[substantiv]

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

aritmetică

aritmetică

Ex: Students in elementary school learn basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 

Elevii din școala primară învață operații aritmetice de bază, cum ar fi adunarea, scăderea, înmulțirea și împărțirea.

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mathematical
mathematical
[adjectiv]

related to or used in mathematics

matematic, legat de matematică

matematic, legat de matematică

Ex: She employed mathematical equations to solve complex problems in physics. 

Ea a folosit ecuații matematice pentru a rezolva probleme complexe în fizică.

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numerical
numerical
[adjectiv]

represented in numbers

numeric

numeric

Ex: The numerical values of the measurements were recorded in a spreadsheet. 

Valorile numerice ale măsurătorilor au fost înregistrate într-o foaie de calcul.

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ordinal number
ordinal number
[substantiv]

a number that indicates the position of something in a sequence or series

număr ordinal, numeral ordinal

număr ordinal, numeral ordinal

Ex: "First" is an example of an ordinal number. 

"Primul" este un exemplu de număr ordinal.

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measure
measure
[substantiv]

the quantity, amount, or degree of something

măsură, cantitate

măsură, cantitate

Ex: The measure of rainfall this month exceeded expectations. 
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value
value
[substantiv]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

valoare, cantitate

valoare, cantitate

Ex: The value of a variable can change depending on the context of the problem being solved. 
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fraction
fraction
[substantiv]

a number expressed as one quantity divided by another, especially one written with a numerator and denominator

Ex: Three quarters can be written as the fraction 3/4. 
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digit
digit
[substantiv]

one of the numbers from 0 to 9

cifră, număr

cifră, număr

Ex: My phone number starts with the digit 3, making it easy to remember. 
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diameter
diameter
[substantiv]

a straight line passing through the center of a circle or other round object from one side to the other, or the length of that line

diametru,  diametru

diametru, diametru

Ex: The circle has a diameter of twelve centimeters. 
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equation
equation
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

ecuație

ecuație

Ex: The physicist derived an equation to describe the relationship between energy and mass. 
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parallel
parallel
[adjectiv]

having an equal distance from each other at every point

paralel, echidistant

paralel, echidistant

Ex: She parked her car parallel to the curb. 
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decimal
decimal
[adjectiv]

relating to a system of numbers based on powers of ten, where quantities are expressed using digits, including fractions and whole numbers

zecimal, referitor la sistemul zecimal

zecimal, referitor la sistemul zecimal

Ex: The number 3.14 is a decimal representation of the mathematical constant pi, which is approximately equal to 3.14159265359. 

Numărul 3.14 este o reprezentare zecimală a constantei matematice pi, care este aproximativ egală cu 3.14159265359.

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vertical
vertical
[adjectiv]

positioned or extending straight up and down at a right angle to a horizontal surface

vertical,  verticală

vertical, verticală

Ex: The architect added a vertical window beside the front door. 
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width
width
[substantiv]

the measurement of something from one side or edge to the other

lățime

lățime

Ex: Sarah measured the width of the doorway before ordering the cabinet. 
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unit
unit
[substantiv]

a standard measure used to tell the amount of something

unitate, măsură

unitate, măsură

Ex: A liter is a unit of volume for liquids. 
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function
function
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

funcție

funcție

Ex: The sine function oscillates between -1 and 1 as its input varies over the real numbers. 
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circumference
circumference
[substantiv]

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

circumferință

circumferință

Ex: The formula for finding the circumference of a sphere involves multiplying the diameter by π (pi). 

Formula pentru găsirea circumferinței unei sfere implică înmulțirea diametrului cu π (pi).

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axis
axis
[substantiv]

the central point or line around which an object turns

ax, pivot

ax, pivot

Ex: The Earth spins on its axis once every twenty-four hours. 

Pământul se rotește în jurul axei sale o dată la douăzeci și patru de ore.

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probability
probability
[substantiv]

a mathematical measure of how likely an event is to occur, expressed as a number between zero and one

probabilitate,  șansă

probabilitate, șansă

Ex: The probability of rolling a six is one in six. 
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dimension
dimension
[substantiv]

a measurement of something in a particular direction, such as its length, width, height, or depth

Ex: The table's largest dimension is its length. 
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to subtract

(mathematics) to take a number from another number and find out the difference

scădea

scădea

Ex: If you subtract 4 from 9, you get 5. 

Dacă scazi 4 din 9, obții 5.

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to total
to total
[verb]

to add up numbers or quantities to find the overall amount

a suma, a totaliza

a suma, a totaliza

Ex: After counting the votes, the election officials will total the ballots to determine the winner. 
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cubic
cubic
[adjectiv]

indicating a unit of measurement that includes volume of a cube

cubic

cubic

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ounce
ounce
[substantiv]

a unit of weight equal to 1/16 of a pound or about 28.35 grams

uncie

uncie

Ex: The recipe called for four ounces of flour. 
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gallon
gallon
[substantiv]

a unit of liquid volume equal to 4 quarts or about 3.785 liters

galon

galon

Ex: She bought a gallon of milk from the grocery store. 
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bar chart
bar chart
[substantiv]

a graphical display of information consisting of narrow rectangular lines whose heights depend on the value that they are representing

grafic cu bare, histogramă

grafic cu bare, histogramă

Ex: The bar chart compared the sales of different products last year. 

Graficul cu bare a comparat vânzările diferitelor produse anul trecut.

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pie chart
pie chart
[substantiv]

a graphical display of the difference between the parts of a whole shown by dividing a circle into several segments

grafic circular, diagramă circulară

grafic circular, diagramă circulară

Ex: The pie chart showed that 40% of our budget is allocated to marketing. 

Graficul circular a arătat că 40% din bugetul nostru este alocat marketingului.

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acre
acre
[substantiv]

a unit of area equal to 4,840 square yards or about 4,047 square meters, used especially for measuring land

acru,  pogon

acru, pogon

Ex: The farm covers more than 200 acres. 
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formula
formula
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a rule or law represented in symbols, letters, or numbers

formulă

formulă

Ex: Chemists use molecular formulas to represent the number and types of atoms in a molecule. 
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accountant
accountant
[substantiv]

a person whose job is to prepare, keep, or examine financial records and accounts

contabil,  expert contabil

contabil, expert contabil

Ex: She works as an accountant for a small technology company. 
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analyst
analyst
[substantiv]

a person whose job is to examine information or a particular subject in detail and interpret or evaluate it

analist,  analist financiar

analist, analist financiar

Ex: Financial analysts expect the company to report higher profits this year. 
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