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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Matematică și Măsurare

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre matematică și măsurare, cum ar fi "calcul", "fracție", "diametru" etc., necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
calculation
calculation
[substantiv]

the act of finding a number or amount using mathematics

calcul, estimare

calcul, estimare

Ex: He made a quick calculation to estimate the total cost of the project. 
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arithmetic
arithmetic
[substantiv]

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

aritmetică

aritmetică

Ex: Students in elementary school learn basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 
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mathematical
mathematical
[adjectiv]

related to or used in mathematics

matematic, legat de matematică

matematic, legat de matematică

Ex: She employed mathematical equations to solve complex problems in physics. 
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numerical
numerical
[adjectiv]

represented in numbers

numeric

numeric

Ex: The numerical values of the measurements were recorded in a spreadsheet. 
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ordinal number
ordinal number
[substantiv]

a number that indicates the position of something in a sequence or series

număr ordinal, numeral ordinal

număr ordinal, numeral ordinal

Ex: "First" is an example of an ordinal number. 
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measure
measure
[substantiv]

the quantity, amount, or degree of something

măsură, cantitate

măsură, cantitate

Ex: The measure of sugar needed for the recipe is two cups. 
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value
value
[substantiv]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

valoare, cantitate

valoare, cantitate

Ex: In algebra, variables represent unknown values that can be determined through equations. 
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fraction
fraction
[substantiv]

a number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b

fracție, fracție ordinară

fracție, fracție ordinară

Ex: One-half (1/2) is a simple fraction. 
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digit
digit
[substantiv]

one of the numbers from 0 to 9

cifră, număr

cifră, număr

Ex: My phone number starts with the digit 3, making it easy to remember. 
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diameter
diameter
[substantiv]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

diametru, diametru

diametru, diametru

Ex: The diameter of a circle is the longest distance between any two points on its circumference, passing through the center. 
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equation
equation
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

ecuație

ecuație

Ex: In algebra, solving equations involves finding the values of variables that satisfy the equality stated. 
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parallel
parallel
[adjectiv]

having an equal distance from each other at every point

paralel, echidistant

paralel, echidistant

Ex: The two lines on the graph are parallel, indicating no change in their relationship. 
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decimal
decimal
[adjectiv]

relating to a system of numbers based on powers of ten, where quantities are expressed using digits, including fractions and whole numbers

zecimal, referitor la sistemul zecimal

zecimal, referitor la sistemul zecimal

Ex: In the decimal system, numbers are represented using digits from 0 to 9, with each place value indicating a power of ten. 
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vertical
vertical
[adjectiv]

positioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down

vertical

vertical

Ex: The skyscraper's vertical lines gave it a sleek and modern appearance. 
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width
width
[substantiv]

the distance of something from side to side

lățime, largime

lățime, largime

Ex: The width of the river is about 50 meters. 
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unit
unit
[substantiv]

a standard measure used to tell the amount of something

unitate, măsură

unitate, măsură

Ex: A dozen is a unit of twelve items. 
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function
function
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

funcție

funcție

Ex: In calculus, a function represents a relationship between input and output variables, often denoted as f(x). 
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circumference
circumference
[substantiv]

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

circumferință

circumferință

Ex: The formula for finding the circumference of a sphere involves multiplying the diameter by π (pi). 
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axis
axis
[substantiv]

the central point or line around which an object turns

ax, pivot

ax, pivot

Ex: The Earth spins on its axis once every twenty-four hours. 
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probability
probability
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

probabilitate

probabilitate

Ex: The probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one-sixth. 
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dimension
dimension
[substantiv]

a measure of the height, length, or width of an object in a certain direction

dimensiune

dimensiune

Ex: The architect carefully considered every dimension of the building to ensure it fit seamlessly into the surrounding landscape. 
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to subtract

(mathematics) to take a number from another number and find out the difference

scădea

scădea

Ex: If you subtract 4 from 9, you get 5. 
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to total
to total
[verb]

to add up numbers or quantities to find the overall amount

a suma, a totaliza

a suma, a totaliza

Ex: To total the expenses, add up all the receipts from the business trip. 
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cubic
cubic
[adjectiv]

indicating a unit of measurement that includes volume of a cube

cubic

cubic

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ounce
ounce
[substantiv]

a unit for measuring weight equal to approximately 28.34 grams

uncie, uncie

uncie, uncie

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gallon
gallon
[substantiv]

a unit used to measure liquids in the United States, equivalent to approximately 3.785 liters

galon

galon

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bar chart
bar chart
[substantiv]

a graphical display of information consisting of narrow rectangular lines whose heights depend on the value that they are representing

grafic cu bare, histogramă

grafic cu bare, histogramă

Ex: The bar chart compared the sales of different products last year. 
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pie chart
pie chart
[substantiv]

a graphical display of the difference between the parts of a whole shown by dividing a circle into several segments

grafic circular, diagramă circulară

grafic circular, diagramă circulară

Ex: The pie chart showed that 40% of our budget is allocated to marketing. 
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acre
acre
[substantiv]

a unit used in North America and Britain for measuring land area that equals 4047 square meters or 4840 square yards

acru, unitate de măsură a suprafeței

acru, unitate de măsură a suprafeței

Ex: A typical soccer field covers about 1.5 acres. 
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formula
formula
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a rule or law represented in symbols, letters, or numbers

formulă

formulă

Ex: The quadratic formula provides a method for finding the roots of a quadratic equation. 
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accountant
accountant
[substantiv]

someone whose job is to keep or check financial accounts

contabil, expert contabil

contabil, expert contabil

Ex: She decided to become an accountant because she enjoys working with numbers and financial data. 
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analyst
analyst
[substantiv]

a trained individual who evaluates information and data to provide insights and make informed decisions in various fields such as finance, economics, business, technology, etc.

analist, expert-analist

analist, expert-analist

Ex: The market analyst predicted a surge in stock prices based on recent economic indicators. 
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