托福必备词汇 - 数学与测量

在这里，你将学习一些关于数学和测量的英语单词，如“计算”、“分数”、“直径”等，这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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calculation

[名词]

the act of finding a number or amount using mathematics

计算, 估算

Ex: Accurate calculations are essential for ensuring the success of scientific experiments .准确的**计算**对于确保科学实验的成功至关重要。

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arithmetic

[名词]

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

算术

Ex: He struggled with arithmetic in elementary school but improved with extra practice.他在小学时苦苦挣扎于**算术**，但通过额外的练习有所提高。

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mathematical

[形容词]

related to or used in mathematics

数学的, 与数学有关的

Ex: Understanding mathematical concepts like algebra and calculus is essential for success in engineering .理解**数学**概念，如代数和微积分，对于工程学的成功至关重要。

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numerical

[形容词]

represented in numbers

数字的

Ex: Numerical codes are assigned to products for inventory management and tracking.为产品分配**数字**代码以进行库存管理和跟踪。

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ordinal number

[名词]

a number that indicates the position of something in a sequence or series

序数, 顺序数

Ex: The manual uses ordinal numbers to list the steps , starting with " first . "手册使用**序数**来列出步骤，从"第一"开始。

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measure

[名词]

the quantity, amount, or degree of something

测量, 数量

Ex: The measure of support for the proposal was evident in the voting results .提案支持的**程度**在投票结果中显而易见。

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value

[名词]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

值, 数量

Ex: The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero on a number line, represented by |x| for a given number x.一个数的绝对**值**是它在数轴上与零的距离，对于给定的数x用|x|表示。

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fraction

[名词]

a part of a whole number, such as ½

分数, 小数部分

Ex: Learning fractions is important in elementary math .在基础数学中学习**分数**很重要。

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digit

[名词]

one of the numbers from 0 to 9

数字, 位数

Ex: The lottery ticket has a combination of digits that determine the winner .彩票上有决定赢家的**数字**组合。

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diameter

[名词]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

直径, 直径

Ex: The technician used a caliper to determine the diameter of the bearings needed for the machinery repair .技术员使用卡尺来确定机械维修所需的轴承的**直径**。

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equation

[名词]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

方程

Ex: Economists analyze supply and demand equations to forecast market trends and price changes .经济学家分析供需**方程**以预测市场趋势和价格变化。

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parallel

[形容词]

having an equal distance from each other at every point

平行的, 等距的

Ex: The railroad tracks are parallel to each other .铁轨彼此**平行**。

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decimal

[形容词]

relating to a system of numbers based on powers of ten, where quantities are expressed using digits, including fractions and whole numbers

十进制的, 与十进制系统相关的

Ex: Decimal fractions allow for precise representations of quantities, enabling accurate calculations in various fields, including science, engineering, and finance.**小数**分数可以精确地表示数量，从而在科学、工程和金融等多个领域实现精确计算。

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vertical

[形容词]

positioned at a right angle to the horizon or ground, typically moving up or down

垂直的

Ex: The graph displayed the data with vertical bars representing each category .图表用**垂直**条显示数据，代表每个类别。

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width

[名词]

the distance of something from side to side

宽度, 广度

Ex: When buying a rug , consider the width of the room for proper coverage .购买地毯时，考虑房间的**宽度**以获得适当的覆盖。

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unit

[名词]

a standard measure used to tell the amount of something

单位, 量度

Ex: A foot is a unit of length in the imperial system .**单位**是英制中的长度度量。

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function

[名词]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

函数

Ex: Statisticians analyze data using functions such as mean , median , and standard deviation to understand distributions and trends .统计学家使用**函数**（如均值、中位数和标准差）分析数据以理解分布和趋势。

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circumference

[名词]

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

周长

Ex: The mathematician used the circumference to solve the geometry problem .数学家使用**周长**来解决几何问题。

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axis

[名词]

an imaginary line in the middle of an object around which the object revolves

轴, 假想线

Ex: The rotation of planets around their axes determines their day and night cycles .行星绕其**轴**的旋转决定了它们的昼夜周期。

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probability

[名词]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

概率

Ex: The probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one out of six .在公平的骰子上掷出六点的**概率**是六分之一。

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dimension

[名词]

a measure of the height, length, or width of an object in a certain direction

尺寸

Ex: When designing the new bridge , engineers took into account the dimensions of the river and the surrounding landscape .在设计新桥时，工程师考虑了河流和周围景观的**尺寸**。

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to subtract

[动词]

(mathematics) to take a number from another number and find out the difference

减去

Ex: She subtracted the cost of shipping from the total amount .她从总金额中**减去**了运费。

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to total

[动词]

to add up numbers or quantities to find the overall amount

总计, 合计

Ex: Please total the scores from each round of the competition to determine the overall winner .请**总计**比赛每一轮的分数以确定总冠军。

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cubic

[形容词]

indicating a unit of measurement that includes volume of a cube

立方

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ounce

[名词]

a unit for measuring weight equal to approximately 28.34 grams

盎司, 盎司

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gallon

[名词]

a unit used to measure liquids in the United States, equivalent to approximately 3.785 liters

加仑

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bar chart

[名词]

a graphical display of information consisting of narrow rectangular lines whose heights depend on the value that they are representing

条形图, 柱状图

Ex: The bar chart showed that most students preferred chocolate ice cream .**条形图**显示大多数学生更喜欢巧克力冰淇淋。

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pie chart

[名词]

a graphical display of the difference between the parts of a whole shown by dividing a circle into several segments

饼图, 圆形图

Ex: The pie chart indicated that half of the company 's revenue comes from online sales .**饼图**显示公司一半的收入来自在线销售。

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acre

[名词]

a unit used in North America and Britain for measuring land area that equals 4047 square meters or 4840 square yards

英亩, 面积单位

Ex: Many people dream of owning a few acres in the countryside to escape city life.许多人梦想在乡村拥有几**英亩**土地以逃离城市生活。

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formula

[名词]

(mathematics) a rule or law represented in symbols, letters, or numbers

公式

Ex: Physicians apply medical formulas to determine appropriate dosages of medications based on patient weight and condition .医生应用医疗**公式**根据患者的体重和状况确定适当的药物剂量。

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accountant

[名词]

someone whose job is to keep or check financial accounts

会计师, 会计员

Ex: The accountant advised her client on how to optimize their expenses to improve overall profitability .**会计师**就如何优化支出以提高整体盈利能力向她的客户提供了建议。

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analyst

[名词]

a trained individual who evaluates information and data to provide insights and make informed decisions in various fields such as finance, economics, business, technology, etc.

分析师, 专家分析师

Ex: Market analysts study consumer trends and competitor strategies to advise companies on marketing strategies .市场**分析师**研究消费者趋势和竞争对手策略，为公司提供营销策略建议。

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托福必备词汇 - 数学与测量