Apostrophe

apostrophe grammatical number possessives punctuation

An apostrophe is a punctuation mark used on many occasions in English. Its meaning is dependent on the context it is used in.

What Is an Apostrophe?

An apostrophe (') is a punctuation mark that is used to indicate possession or to show where letters or numbers have been omitted in a contraction.

Apostrophe: Uses

An apostrophe can be used in different cases, such as:

to replace missing letters
to make possessive nouns
to make plural letters

Replacing Missing Letters

While making contracted forms, we usually delete some letters which can be only one letter or more than one letter. In both cases, we use only one apostrophe in place of the missing letters. Here are a few examples:

This isn't my key.

In this example, the long form is 'is not' but we have contracted it by omitting the letter 'O' and replaced it with an apostrophe to create 'isn't'

We can't find him anywhere.

In this example, apostrophe replaces two letters because we omitted 'no' and used an apostrophe instead.

In the '60s many great songs were released.

Here by '60 we mean 1960

Using apostrophe to show contraction

Making Possessive Nouns

When the owner of something is a noun, we can usually use an apostrophe plus an 's' to show possession. Here are some examples:

Sarah's father has a limo.

The manager's reports were on the table.

If there is a plural noun or a singular noun ending in '-s' or '-es', you should use only an apostrophe to show possession or ownership. Here are the examples:

The schools' policies are getting established.

All brides' wishes are to be healthy and happy for the rest of their lives.

Making Plural Letters

Sometimes, there is a need to use plural numbers, letters, interjections, abbreviations, or conjunctions; however, they are not used with the same intention. In this case, we use an apostrophe. Here are a few examples:

There are too many and's in your text.

There were lots of M's in his name.

When Not to Use an Apostrophe

Remember not to use 's when you are using possessive pronouns.

❌It was her's car.

❌This is his'es toy

Tip

Use 's for irregular plural possessive nouns. For example:

Their feet's toes were cold.

It's or Its

It's is the contracted form of 'it is' and thus it has an apostrophe; but its is a possessive determiner and does not need an apostrophe. Here are the examples:

It's not important what you think of me.

Its tail is curved and brown.

Review

Mostly, we use the punctuation (') (also known as apostrophe) in three major situations:

to show possession
to show contraction
to use unusual plural letters, numbers, etc.

Quotation Marks

Quotation marks are punctuations that are used to express a direct speech, phrase, or quotation. In this lesson, we will learn all about them.

Hyphens and Dashes

Hyphens and dashes have to be used properly as punctuation marks to avoid confusion. In this lesson, we will learn all about them.

Brackets, Braces, and Parentheses

Actually, there are four different types of brackets. In this lesson, we will study all the rules about these punctuation marks.

Slash

A slash is a punctuation in the English language. In this article you can learn about its functions.

Capitalization

Capitalization is to write the first letter of a word in uppercase. In this lesson, you will learn all the rules about this subject.

Contractions

You might wonder what the difference between formal and informal styles is. One of the elements that can make your writings informal is using contractions.

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