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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Pollution, Waste & Human Impact

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
carbon-neutral
[Adjective]

describing a state in which the carbon dioxide emission reaches zero or there is a balance between the amount of carbon dioxide emitted and absorbed

Ex: Carbon-neutral buildings use sustainable materials and energy-efficient designs to minimize environmental impact .
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zero-emission
[Adjective]

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

Ex: Investing in zero-emission technology is crucial for reducing carbon footprints and combating climate change .
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to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

Ex: Oil spills can contaminate beaches and marine ecosystems , causing extensive environmental damage .
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to dump
[Verb]

to get rid of waste material, particularly in an unorganized manner

Ex: They dumped the leftover food into the compost bin .
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disposal
[noun]

the act of getting rid of waste material

Ex: The landfill site is designated for the disposal of non-recyclable materials .
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dumper
[noun]

a truck with a container that can be elevated to unload waste material

Ex: The company invested in a fleet of dumpers to handle large-scale earthmoving projects .
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logging
[noun]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

Ex: The government imposed restrictions on logging to protect endangered species and their habitats.
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an odorless, colorless, and poisonous gas that is produced from the burning of fossil fuels, which proves lethal in some cases

Ex: Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms include headache, dizziness, and nausea.
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very small plastic pieces in the environment that originate from personal care products, clothing, etc. and the degradation of other plastic products

Ex: Consumer awareness about reducing plastic waste is crucial in preventing the accumulation of microplastics in the environment .
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herbicide
[noun]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

Ex: Proper application of herbicides is essential to prevent damage to non-target plants and ecosystems .
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pollutant
[noun]

any substance that is harmful to the environment

Ex: Governments worldwide are working together to address global pollutants through international agreements .
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acid rain
[noun]

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

Ex: Students tested rainwater samples from different parts of town to measure the impact of acid rain.
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to leach
[Verb]

to extract or wash out soluble substances from a material by passing a liquid through it

Ex: Vinegar can leach mineral deposits from old kettles when boiled inside them .
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the act of using up something, such as resources, energy, or materials

Ex: Due to the new green initiatives , there 's been a reduction in fuel consumption in the city .
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waste gases expelled from an internal-combustion engine, containing pollutants that degrade air quality

Ex: Studies link long-term exposure to vehicle exhaust fumes with respiratory ailments .
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smog
[noun]

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

Ex: On some days , the smog was so dense that schools canceled outdoor activities for the safety of the children .
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oil spill
[noun]

the accidental or deliberate release of liquid petroleum or its products into the environment, especially into bodies of water, causing ecological damage

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the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

Ex: The company is working to reduce its carbon footprint by switching to renewable energy .
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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
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