Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Pollution, Waste & Human Impact

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
carbon-neutral [adjective]

describing a state in which the carbon dioxide emission reaches zero or there is a balance between the amount of carbon dioxide emitted and absorbed

Ex: Many countries are setting targets to achieve carbon-neutral status as part of global climate action efforts .
zero-emission [adjective]

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

Ex:

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

Ex: Food can be contaminated if not stored properly or if handled in unsanitary conditions .
to dump [verb]

to get rid of waste material, particularly in an unorganized manner

Ex: The authorities installed surveillance cameras to catch those who dump garbage along the roadside .
disposal [noun]

the act of getting rid of waste material

Ex: Recycling programs aim to reduce landfill waste by promoting responsible disposal practices .
dumper [noun]

a truck with a container that can be elevated to unload waste material

Ex: The municipality purchased a new dumper to improve waste collection efficiency .
logging [noun]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

Ex:

an odorless, colorless, and poisonous gas that is produced from the burning of fossil fuels, which proves lethal in some cases

Ex:

very small plastic pieces in the environment that originate from personal care products, clothing, etc. and the degradation of other plastic products

Ex: Microplastics have been found in remote regions of the ocean , highlighting their widespread distribution .

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

Ex: Environmentalists advocate for organic farming practices that minimize the use of synthetic herbicides .

any substance that is harmful to the environment

Ex: Water pollutants , such as pesticides and heavy metals , can harm aquatic ecosystems .

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

Ex: Forest rangers noticed weakened pine needles on high-elevation trees where acid rain was most intense .
to leach [verb]

to extract or wash out soluble substances from a material by passing a liquid through it

Ex: Heavy rainfall leached nutrients out of the topsoil , leaving fields depleted .

the act of using up something, such as resources, energy, or materials

Ex: Excessive consumption of resources leads to environmental damage .

waste gases expelled from an internal-combustion engine, containing pollutants that degrade air quality

Ex: Cyclists in the city wear masks to filter out harmful exhaust fumes .
smog [noun]

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

Ex: Environmental activists are pushing for stricter regulations to reduce smog and improve air quality in metropolitan regions .

the accidental or deliberate release of liquid petroleum or its products into the environment, especially into bodies of water, causing ecological damage

Ex: Oil spills can devastate marine ecosystems for years .

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

Ex: Manufacturing industries often have a high carbon footprint .
Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
Ecological Principles & Conservation Pollution, Waste & Human Impact Energy, Resources & Environmental Events Physics & States of Matter
Chemical & Material Processes Biology, Genetics & Life Processes Art Forms & Creative Processes The Art Scene
Sports Medical Practices & Treatments Illnesses, Injuries & Specific Conditions General Health & Medical Systems
Social Disadvantage & Core Issues Personal Traits & Character Societal Frameworks, Governance & Welfare Recruitment & Job Roles
Workplace Culture & Career Trade & Market Dynamics Technological Devices & Systems Telephoning & Direct Speech
Physical Appearance & Form Academic Studies & Qualifications Skills & Competencies Crime & Legal Consequences
Apparel, Cost & Styles Historical Societies & Economic Systems Work Performance & Conditions Financial Management & Economic Health
Corporate Structures & Strategic Actions Social Navigation & Behavior Patterns Perspectives, Beliefs & Navigating Challenges Traits & Self-Concept
Cognitive Processes & Memory Analysis, Judgment & Problem Solving Innovation, Development & Function Superstition & Supernatural
Media, Publishing & Information Dynamics Emotional States & Reactions Communicative Interpretation & Expression Formal Communication & Information Exchange
Social Influence & Strategies Personal Conduct & Self-Management State & Condition Relational & Abstract Qualities
Clarity, Perception & Reality Style & Atmosphere Negative Judgments & Flaws Positive Judgments & High Value
Challenging Interactions & Social Tactics Family & Social Connections Adverbs & Adverbial Phrases Manual Actions or Physical Movement
Level & Intensity Everyday Objects & Domestic Life Food, Cooking & Dining Creatures & Their Behaviors