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C2 Level Wordlist - Technology and Internet

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Technology and Internet, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
text to speech

a technology that converts written text into spoken voice output

Ex: The text to speech feature on my phone allows me to listen to articles and messages while I'm driving. 
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plug and play

a technology that allows devices to be connected to a computer system and used without requiring extensive installation or configuration

Ex: The new printer is plug and play, so you can set it up in minutes without needing any additional software. 
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dongle
dongle
[noun]

a small hardware device that connects to a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to provide additional functionality

Ex: The USB dongle plugged into the laptop enables wireless internet connectivity. 
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palmtop
palmtop
[noun]

a small, handheld computer that fits in the palm of one's hand

Ex: The palmtop computer fits easily in the palm of your hand, making it convenient for on-the-go computing. 
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encryption

the process of converting data into a coded form to prevent unauthorized access

Ex: The email was sent with end-to-end encryption to safeguard its contents during transmission. 
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algorithm
algorithm
[noun]

a set of rules used by digital systems to decide what content to show users based on their behavior and preferences

Ex: The search engine uses complex algorithms to rank web pages based on relevance and authority. 
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toggle button

a type of switch used in user interfaces to turn a single setting on or off

Ex: The app's toggle button swiftly switches between light and dark modes. 
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bootstrap
bootstrap
[noun]

a program that automatically loads and initializes the operating system on a computer

Ex: Bootstrap is a popular front-end framework for developing responsive and mobile-first websites. 
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latency
latency
[noun]

(in computer science) the time required for a specific block of data on a storage medium to reach the read and write head

Ex: The hard drive has a latency of 8 milliseconds per read. 
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interoperability

the ability of different systems, software, or devices to seamlessly communicate, exchange data, and work together effectively

Ex: The new software update improves interoperability between devices. 
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application programming interface

a set of protocols and tools that allows different software applications to communicate with each other

Ex: Developers use the Twitter API to integrate Twitter functionality into their applications, such as displaying tweets or posting updates. 
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bandwidth
bandwidth
[noun]

the maximum rate of data transfer of an electronic communication system

Ex: In networking, bandwidth refers to the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection, measured in bits per second (bps). 
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local area network

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

Ex: A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. 
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host
host
[noun]

a computer or device on a network that provides services, resources, or data to other computers or devices, known as clients

Ex: The web server acts as a host, serving website content to users who access it. 
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courseware

a type of educational software or online materials designed for teaching specific subjects or skills

Ex: Courseware refers to educational materials, software, or online platforms used for teaching and learning in academic institutions. 
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trojan horse

a harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device

Ex: The trojan horse disguised itself as a harmless email attachment. 
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to configure

to set up a system, device, software, or components in a specific way to achieve a desired functionality

Ex: Before using the new printer, you need to configure it by installing the necessary drivers and adjusting settings. 
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to ping
to ping
[Verb]

to send a signal to a computer and wait for a reply as a way to test the connection

Ex: You can ping a website to check if it is reachable and measure the round-trip time (RTT) for data packets to travel to and from the server. 
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augmented reality

a technology that overlays computer-generated information, such as images or data, onto the real world, enhancing the user's perception and interaction with their environment

Ex: Augmented reality (AR) technology overlays digital information, such as images, videos, or 3D models, onto the real world through a device like a smartphone or AR glasses. 
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to automate

to make a process, task, or system operate automatically, often through the use of technology or machinery, reducing the need for manual intervention

Ex: In manufacturing, companies automate assembly lines to increase production speed and accuracy. 
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back end
back end
[noun]

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

Ex: The back end of a website comprises the server, database, and application logic that work together to process and store data submitted by users. 
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front end
front end
[noun]

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

Ex: The front end of a computer typically refers to the user interface, including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other input devices. 
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cracker
cracker
[noun]

an individual who engages in unauthorized attempts to access computer systems, networks, or software, often with malicious intent

Ex: Security experts work tirelessly to defend computer systems against crackers attempting unauthorized access. 
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