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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Akademický - Test 4 - Čtení - Pasáž 3 (2)

Zde najdete slovní zásobu z Testu 4 - Čtení - Pasáž 3 (2) v učebnici Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic, která vám pomůže připravit se na vaši zkoušku IELTS.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
possession
possession
[Podstatné jméno]

(usually plural) anything that a person has or owns at a specific time

majetek, vlastnictví

majetek, vlastnictví

Ex: As he packed his possessions into boxes, memories flooded back from years spent in the old house. 
ethical
ethical
[Přídavné jméno]

sticking to principles of right and wrong conduct and moral standards

etický, morální

etický, morální

Ex: The ethical treatment of animals is a priority for many. 
obligation
obligation
[Podstatné jméno]

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

povinnost, závazek

povinnost, závazek

Ex: Paying taxes is a civic obligation that supports public services and infrastructure. 
disparity
disparity
[Podstatné jméno]

a noticeable and often significant difference or inequality between two or more things

rozdíl, nerovnost

rozdíl, nerovnost

Ex: There is a large disparity between the wealth of the billionaire class and the working poor struggling to afford basic necessities. 
status
status
[Podstatné jméno]

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

status, pozice

status, pozice

Ex: Her status as a respected scientist was well-deserved. 
to arise
to arise
[sloveso]

to begin to exist or become noticeable

vzniknout, objevit se

vzniknout, objevit se

Ex: Unexpected challenges can arise during the course of a project, requiring swift problem-solving. 
to swap
to swap
[sloveso]

to give something to a person and receive something else in return

vyměnit, prohodit

vyměnit, prohodit

Ex: They decided to swap books to diversify their reading choices. 
arrow
arrow
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of weapon consisting of a metal or wooden bar with a sharp head and feathers at the end

šíp, střela

šíp, střela

Ex: The archer drew his bow and released the arrow, hitting the target with precision. 
hunting
hunting
[Podstatné jméno]

the activity of pursuing and killing wild animals or birds for money, food, or fun

lov, myslivost

lov, myslivost

acclaim
acclaim
[Podstatné jméno]

admiration for achievements, often in art, performance, leadership, or innovation

uznání, pochvala

uznání, pochvala

Ex: The film received international acclaim for its storytelling and direction. 
to belong to
to belong to
[sloveso]

to be owned by a particular person or group

patřit k, být vlastnictvím

patřit k, být vlastnictvím

Ex: The beautiful garden belongs to the community and is open to everyone. 
domineering
domineering
[Přídavné jméno]

showing a tendency to have control over others without taking their emotions into account

panovačný, dominantní

panovačný, dominantní

Ex: His domineering personality made it difficult for others to express their opinions without fear of retribution. 
to ostracize
to ostracize
[sloveso]

to exclude someone from a community or group as a form of punishment or social rejection

vyloučit, vyobcovat

vyloučit, vyobcovat

Ex: After the scandal, he was ostracized by his colleagues and no longer invited to company events. 
to exile
to exile
[sloveso]

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

vyhostit, vyhnat

vyhostit, vyhnat

Ex: The political dissident was exiled from the country for speaking out against the government. 
offender
offender
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who commits a crime

pachatel, zločinec

pachatel, zločinec

Ex: The police apprehended the offender and took him into custody. 
to dictate
to dictate
[sloveso]

to tell someone what to do or not to do, in an authoritative way

diktovat, nařídit

diktovat, nařídit

Ex: The manager dictated a set of guidelines for the project. 
to benefit
to benefit
[sloveso]

to gain something good from something or someone

těžit, mít prospěch

těžit, mít prospěch

Ex: By attending the workshop, she hoped to benefit from expert advice. 
racism
racism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that certain races are superior to others

rasismus, rasová diskriminace

rasismus, rasová diskriminace

Ex: The group spread racism, claiming superiority over other races. 
warfare
warfare
[Podstatné jméno]

a struggle or competition between opposing groups or ideas

boj, konflikt

boj, konflikt

Ex: The companies engaged in fierce advertising warfare. 
to rest on
to rest on
[sloveso]

to have as a foundation or to be based on a particular idea, concept, principle, or condition

spočívat na, být založen na

spočívat na, být založen na

Ex: The decision to invest in renewable energy sources rests on the commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility. 
desperate
desperate
[Přídavné jméno]

feeling or showing deep sadness mixed with hopelessness and emotional pain

beznadějný, v beznaději

beznadějný, v beznaději

Ex: Her eyes looked desperate after hearing the bad news. 
sparsely
sparsely
[Příslovce]

in a way that is spread out thinly, with few people or things in an area

řídce, řídce osídlený

řídce, řídce osídlený

Ex: The village was sparsely settled, with homes far apart. 
to populate
to populate
[sloveso]

(of individuals or communities) to be present in a particular area

osídlit, obývat

osídlit, obývat

Ex: Various indigenous tribes have populated the rainforest for centuries. 
population
population
[Podstatné jméno]

the number of people who live in a particular city or country

populace

populace

Ex: As the population ages, there will be increasing strain on healthcare systems. 
hunter-gatherer
hunter-gatherer
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of a society that survives by hunting animals, fishing, and gathering wild plants rather than practicing agriculture

lovec-sběrač, lovec-sběrač

lovec-sběrač, lovec-sběrač

Ex: Early humans were hunter-gatherers before the advent of farming. 
to hunt
to hunt
[sloveso]

to pursue wild animals in order to kill or catch them, for sport or food

lovit, pronásledovat

lovit, pronásledovat

Ex: In some cultures, people still hunt for their food using traditional methods. 
density
density
[Podstatné jméno]

the spatial property of having elements packed closely together, typically expressed as the number of units per given area or volume

hustota, koncentrace

hustota, koncentrace

Ex: Urban planners analyze population density to determine where to build new transit lines. 
unlikely
unlikely
[Přídavné jméno]

difficult to consider as plausible or believable

nepravděpodobný, neuvěřitelný

nepravděpodobný, neuvěřitelný

Ex: He made an unlikely claim about finding treasure in his backyard. 
competitiveness
competitiveness
[Podstatné jméno]

the desire to win or succeed in a contest or rivalry with others

konkurenceschopnost

konkurenceschopnost

significant
significant
[Přídavné jméno]

important or great enough to be noticed or have an impact

významný, podstatný

významný, podstatný

Ex: The discovery of the ancient artifact was significant for understanding the region's history. 
to back
to back
[sloveso]

to confirm, support, or provide evidence that something is legitimate or true

podpořit, potvrdit

podpořit, potvrdit

Ex: The scientist backed the theory with concrete evidence from multiple experiments. 
notion
notion
[Podstatné jméno]

a general concept or belief

představa, pojem

představa, pojem

Ex: She had a notion that he was hiding something from her. 
contemporary
contemporary
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging to the current era

současný, aktuální

současný, aktuální

Ex: We studied the contemporary political landscape to understand today's issues. 
anthropologist
anthropologist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who studies human beings, especially their societies, cultures, languages, and physical development, both past and present

antropolog, etnolog

antropolog, etnolog

Ex: The anthropologist spent years living among the tribe to understand their customs. 
to remark
to remark
[sloveso]

to express one's opinion through a statement

poznamenat, komentovat

poznamenat, komentovat

Ex: After tasting the dish, she couldn't help but remark on the chef's exceptional culinary skills. 
to characterize

to be a typical feature or quality of someone or something

charakterizovat, definovat

charakterizovat, definovat

Ex: The rough terrain and dense forests characterize the landscape of the Pacific Northwest. 
extreme
extreme
[Přídavné jméno]

very high in intensity or degree

extrémní, intenzivní

extrémní, intenzivní

Ex: The hikers faced extreme weather conditions during their ascent, including freezing temperatures and high winds. 
egalitarianism
egalitarianism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in and advocacy for the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all individuals, regardless of their gender, race, social class, or other distinguishing characteristics

egalitarismus, egalitarismus

egalitarismus, egalitarismus

Ex: Egalitarianism strives for a society where all citizens have equal access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. 
to observe
to observe
[sloveso]

to make a written or spoken remark

pozorovat, podotknout

pozorovat, podotknout

Ex: During the meeting, she observed that the proposed budget allocation seemed disproportionate. 
to accumulate
to accumulate
[sloveso]

to collect an increasing amount of something over time

hromadit, shromažďovat

hromadit, shromažďovat

Ex: Over the years, he has accumulated a vast collection of rare stamps from all over the world. 
property
property
[Podstatné jméno]

a building or the piece of land surrounding it, owned by individuals, businesses, or entities

vlastnictví,  nemovitost

vlastnictví, nemovitost

Ex: They inherited a large property with acres of farmland and a historic farmhouse. 
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