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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 1 - Čtení - Úryvek 3 (2)

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
intergovernmental
intergovernmental
[Přídavné jméno]

involving or relating to two or more governments or governmental agencies, especially those of different countries

mezivládní

mezivládní

Ex: Intergovernmental negotiations played a crucial role in the development of the international 

Mezivládní jednání hrála klíčovou roli ve vývoji mezinárodního.

to advise
to advise
[sloveso]

to provide someone with suggestion or guidance regarding a specific situation

radit, doporučovat

radit, doporučovat

Ex: The doctor advised the patient to maintain a healthy diet and exercise for overall well-being. 
atmosphere
atmosphere
[Podstatné jméno]

the layer of gases surrounding a planet, held in place by gravity

atmosféra, plynná vrstva

atmosféra, plynná vrstva

Ex: Earth's atmosphere protects us from harmful solar radiation. 
to burn up
to burn up
[sloveso]

to be entirely destroyed by fire

úplně shořet, shořet na popel

úplně shořet, shořet na popel

Ex: The old barn burned up in minutes due to the intense heat of the fire. 

Stará stodola shořela během několika minut kvůli intenzivnímu žáru ohně.

to disintegrate

to break down or fragment into constituent components due to various forces or interactions

rozpadat se, rozkládat se

rozpadat se, rozkládat se

Ex: The asteroid disintegrated upon entering Earth's atmosphere, creating a meteor shower. 

Asteroid se rozpadl při vstupu do zemské atmosféry, čímž vytvořil meteorický déšť.

so far
so far
[fráze]

in a continuous manner up to the present moment

Ex: So far, the team is ahead in the competition. 
mission
mission
[Podstatné jméno]

an operation carried out in space

mise

mise

Ex: The Apollo 11 mission successfully landed astronauts on the Moon in 1969. 
to abide by
to abide by
[sloveso]

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

dodržovat, řídit se

dodržovat, řídit se

Ex: During the court trial, witnesses are required to abide by the judge's directives. 

Během soudního řízení jsou svědci povinni dodržovat pokyny soudce.

enterprise
enterprise
[Podstatné jméno]

an enormous project that is part of a for-profit business

podnik, projekt

podnik, projekt

Ex: The company launched a new enterprise to develop cutting-edge renewable energy technology. 
despite
despite
[předložka]

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

navzdory, přestože

navzdory, přestože

Ex: The business thrived despite the economic downturn. 
intention
intention
[Podstatné jméno]

something that one is aiming, wanting, or planning to do

záměr, úmysl

záměr, úmysl

Ex: She made it clear that her intention was to finish the project ahead of the deadline. 
to [go] bankrupt

to run out of money or assets and be unable to pay one's debts or financial obligations

Ex: The family struggled to pay off their debts and eventually went bankrupt. 
in theory
in theory
[fráze]

with regard to fundamentals although not concerning details

vastness
vastness
[Podstatné jméno]

unusual largeness in size or extent or number

rozlehlost, nesmírnost

rozlehlost, nesmírnost

to near
to near
[sloveso]

to approach or move in the direction of someone or something

přibližovat se, blížit se

přibližovat se, blížit se

Ex: The hikers decided to near the summit. 
to tackle
to tackle
[sloveso]

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

řešit, vypořádat se s

řešit, vypořádat se s

Ex: The team decided to tackle the project's complexity by breaking it into manageable tasks. 
precision
precision
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality of being very careful and accurate, especially in performing tasks or making measurements

přesnost, akurátnost

přesnost, akurátnost

Ex: His precision in delivering the speech made it highly effective. 
to alleviate
to alleviate
[sloveso]

to reduce from the difficulty or intensity of a problem, issue, etc.

zmírnit, ulevit

zmírnit, ulevit

Ex: Ongoing support programs are currently alleviating the challenges faced by the community. 

Probíhající podpůrné programy v současné době zmírňují výzvy, kterým komunita čelí.

maneuver
maneuver
[Podstatné jméno]

a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill

manévr, koordinovaný pohyb

manévr, koordinovaný pohyb

precisely
precisely
[Příslovce]

in a careful and accurate manner, with great attention to detail

přesně, pečlivě

přesně, pečlivě

Ex: She explained the steps precisely to avoid confusion. 

Vysvětlila kroky přesně, aby se předešlo zmatkům.

specialist
specialist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person with extensive knowledge or skill in a specific field or area of expertise

specialista, odborník

specialista, odborník

Ex: He is a language specialist fluent in six dialects. 
aerospace
aerospace
[Podstatné jméno]

the sector of technology and industry focused on aircraft, spacecraft, and their associated systems

letectví a kosmonautika, kosmonautika

letectví a kosmonautika, kosmonautika

Ex: Advances in aerospace have improved global transportation and space exploration. 

Pokroky v aerospace zlepšily globální dopravu a průzkum vesmíru.

corporation
corporation
[Podstatné jméno]

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

společnost, korporace

společnost, korporace

Ex: The corporation expanded its operations into international markets last year. 
field
field
[Podstatné jméno]

an area of activity or a subject of study

pole, oblast

pole, oblast

Ex: She is an expert in the field of genetics. 
to line up
to line up
[sloveso]

to align or position something precisely in relation to another thing

zarovnat, umístit

zarovnat, umístit

Ex: The carpenter lined up the wood panels to create a seamless joint. 

Tesař srovnal dřevěné panely, aby vytvořil bezproblémový spoj.

routine
routine
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of actions or behaviors that someone does regularly or habitually

rutina, zvyk

rutina, zvyk

Ex: Brushing teeth is part of a daily routine. 
to achieve
to achieve
[sloveso]

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

dosáhnout, uskutečnit

dosáhnout, uskutečnit

Ex: After years of hard work and dedication, she finally achieved her dream of becoming a published author. 
to prioritize
to prioritize
[sloveso]

to give a higher level of importance or urgency to a particular task, goal, or objective compared to others

upřednostňovat, dát přednost

upřednostňovat, dát přednost

Ex: She prioritizes her health over everything else. 

Ona upřednostňuje své zdraví před vším ostatním.

nota bene
nota bene
[Podstatné jméno]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

nota bene, všimněte si

nota bene, všimněte si

conflicting
conflicting
[Přídavné jméno]

showing opposing ideas or opinions that do not agree, causing confusion or disagreement

protichůdný, odlišný

protichůdný, odlišný

Ex: The research findings from different studies were conflicting, requiring further investigation to reconcile the discrepancies. 

Výsledky výzkumu z různých studií byly protichůdné, což vyžadovalo další vyšetřování k vyřešení nesrovnalostí.

to undo
to undo
[sloveso]

to make null or cancel the effects of something

zrušit, vrátit zpět

zrušit, vrátit zpět

Ex: After receiving negative feedback, the company worked hard to undo the damage to its reputation. 

Po obdržení negativní zpětné vazby společnost tvrdě pracovala na tom, aby zrušila škodu na své pověsti.

down
down
[Příslovce]

to a more focused or reduced form

zmenšit, snížit

zmenšit, snížit

Ex: She edited the essay down to 500 words. 
database
database
[Podstatné jméno]

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

databáze, databanka

databáze, databanka

Ex: The company's customer database contained detailed records of all client interactions and transactions. 
to track
to track
[sloveso]

to monitor or record the movement or progress of something over time

sledovat, zaznamenávat

sledovat, zaznamenávat

Ex: The app tracks your daily steps and calories burned. 
consistently
consistently
[Příslovce]

in a way that is always the same

důsledně,  systematicky

důsledně, systematicky

Ex: The weather in this region is consistently sunny during the summer. 

Počasí v této oblasti je v létě stále slunečné.

authoritative
authoritative
[Přídavné jméno]

of recognized authority or excellence

autoritativní, důvěryhodný

autoritativní, důvěryhodný

catalog
catalog
[Podstatné jméno]

a list of items in a particular category, especially one systematically arranged

katalog, seznam

katalog, seznam

Ex: She searched the library catalog for books on architecture. 
to illustrate
to illustrate
[sloveso]

to explain or show the meaning of something using examples, pictures, etc.

ilustrovat, vysvětlit na příkladech

ilustrovat, vysvětlit na příkladech

Ex: The teacher illustrated the concept with a simple diagram on the board. 
to draw on
to draw on
[sloveso]

to use information, knowledge, or past experience to aid in performing a task or achieving a goal

čerpat z, využívat

čerpat z, využívat

Ex: During the exam, students were encouraged to draw on their knowledge of the subject matter. 

Během zkoušky byli studenti povzbuzováni, aby čerpali ze svých znalostí předmětu.

source
source
[Podstatné jméno]

a book or a document that supplies information in a research and is referred to

zdroj, reference

zdroj, reference

Ex: The historian cited an ancient manuscript as her primary source. 
to maintain
to maintain
[sloveso]

to keep a record of something by regularly documenting updates or details in writing

vést, udržovat

vést, udržovat

Ex: The teacher maintained attendance records for each of her classes. 

Učitelka vedla záznamy o docházce pro každou ze svých tříd.

to visualize
to visualize
[sloveso]

to form a mental image or picture of something

vizualizovat, představovat si

vizualizovat, představovat si

Ex: Artists often visualize their creations before putting brush to canvas. 

Umělci často vizualizují svá díla, než přiloží štětec na plátno.

identifier
identifier
[Podstatné jméno]

a symbol that establishes the identity of the one bearing it

identifikátor, rozpoznávací znak

identifikátor, rozpoznávací znak

cross
cross
[Přídavné jméno]

arranged in opposite or inverse relationships

křížový, opačný

křížový, opačný

Ex: The study found several cross connections among the different groups. 
to correlate
to correlate
[sloveso]

to cause or show a mutual relation between two things

korelovat, ukazovat vzájemný vztah

korelovat, ukazovat vzájemný vztah

Ex: The government is trying to correlate environmental conservation with economic development. 

Vláda se snaží propojit ochranu životního prostředí s ekonomickým rozvojem.

environmentalist
environmentalist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

environmentalista, ekolog

environmentalista, ekolog

Ex: The environmentalist worked with local communities to promote sustainable farming practices. 

Environmentalista spolupracoval s místními komunitami na podpoře udržitelných zemědělských praktik.

to operate
to operate
[sloveso]

to function in a specific way

fungovat, provozovat

fungovat, provozovat

Ex: The machine operates smoothly when all components are in good condition. 
generation
generation
[Podstatné jméno]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

generace, generace

generace, generace

Ex: The older generation often reminisces about life before smartphones became ubiquitous. 
community
community
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people having a religion, ethnic, profession, or other particular characteristic in common

komunita, společenství

komunita, společenství

Ex: Members of the scientific community debated the findings. 
to devolve
to devolve
[sloveso]

grow worse

zhoršovat se, degenerovat

zhoršovat se, degenerovat

to argue
to argue
[sloveso]

to provide evidence or support for a particular conclusion or viewpoint

argumentovat, tvrdit

argumentovat, tvrdit

Ex: The circumstances argue his involvement in the conspiracy. 
spaceflight
spaceflight
[Podstatné jméno]

a voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere

vesmírný let, vesmírná cesta

vesmírný let, vesmírná cesta

to pollute
to pollute
[sloveso]

to damage the environment by releasing harmful chemicals or substances to the air, water, or land

znečišťovat, kontaminovat

znečišťovat, kontaminovat

Ex: Factories often pollute the air with emissions from burning fossil fuels. 

Továrny často znečišťují vzduch emisemi z spalování fosilních paliv.

reference
reference
[Podstatné jméno]

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

odkaz, citace

odkaz, citace

Ex: The article included several references to previous studies on the topic. 
to [take] place

to occur at a specific time or location

Ex: The historic event took place centuries ago. 
to minimize
to minimize
[sloveso]

to reduce something to the lowest possible degree or amount, particularly something unpleasant

minimalizovat, snížit na minimum

minimalizovat, snížit na minimum

Ex: While implementing safety measures, they were minimizing risks in the workplace. 

Při zavádění bezpečnostních opatření minimalizovali rizika na pracovišti.

explanation
explanation
[Podstatné jméno]

information or details that are given to make something clear or easier to understand

vysvětlení, objasnění

vysvětlení, objasnění

Ex: She gave a clear explanation of the new policy during the meeting. 
aim
aim
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific, concrete objective that a person or group actively works toward, believing it to be realistically achievable

cíl, účel

cíl, účel

Ex: His aim is to finish the marathon in under four hours. 
description
description
[Podstatné jméno]

a written or oral piece intended to give a mental image of something

popis

popis

Ex: The book contains a vivid description of the main character. 
comparison
comparison
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things or people

srovnání

srovnání

Ex: The comparison between the two books showed many similarities. 
efficiency
efficiency
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability to act or function with minimum effort, time, and resources

efektivita,  účinnost

efektivita, účinnost

Ex: Better organization can increase efficiency and reduce costs. 
transportation system
transportation system
[Podstatné jméno]

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

dopravní systém

dopravní systém

to classify
to classify
[sloveso]

to arrange people or things into groups according to shared characteristics or qualities

Ex: Daniel found it difficult to classify the unusual plant. 
steward
steward
[Podstatné jméno]

a person responsible for taking care of buildings, land, or animals

Ex: Daniel spoke to the steward about repairs to the old barn. 
astrodynamicist
astrodynamicist
[Podstatné jméno]

an expert in the field of astrodynamics, which involves the study of the motion of objects in space under the influence of gravitational forces

astrodynamik, odborník na astrodynamiku

astrodynamik, odborník na astrodynamiku

Ex: The astrodynamicist developed a new model for predicting satellite orbits. 

Astrodynamik vyvinul nový model pro předpovídání oběžných drah satelitů.

to choreograph

to design and administer something attentively

choreografovat, pečlivě navrhnout a spravovat

choreografovat, pečlivě navrhnout a spravovat

Ex: He choreographed the conference, coordinating speakers, sessions, and timing. 

Naplánoval konferenci, koordinoval řečníky, jednání a načasování.

air traffic
air traffic
[Podstatné jméno]

aircraft moving through the air or operating on the movement areas of airports

letecký provoz, vzdušný provoz

letecký provoz, vzdušný provoz

Ex: Air traffic was temporarily halted after the radar failure. 
controller
controller
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who directs, regulates, or exercises control over someone or something

kontrolor, vedoucí

kontrolor, vedoucí

Ex: The organization appointed a controller to supervise its regional activities. 
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