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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 1 - Pagbasa - Talata 3 (2)

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Test 1 - Pagbasa - Passage 3 (2) sa Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, upang matulungan kang maghanda para sa iyong IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic

involving or relating to two or more governments or governmental agencies, especially those of different countries

intergovernmental

intergovernmental

Ex: Intergovernmental negotiations played a crucial role in the development of the internationalAng mga negosasyong **intergovernmental** ay gumampan ng isang mahalagang papel sa pag-unlad ng internasyonal.
to advise
[Pandiwa]

to provide someone with suggestion or guidance regarding a specific situation

payuhan, irekomenda

payuhan, irekomenda

Ex: The teacher advised the students to study the textbook thoroughly before the exam .**Pinayuhan** ng guro ang mga estudyante na pag-aralan nang mabuti ang textbook bago ang pagsusulit.
atmosphere
[Pangngalan]

the layer of gases surrounding a planet, held in place by gravity

atmospera, layer ng gas

atmospera, layer ng gas

to burn up
[Pandiwa]

to be entirely destroyed by fire

masunog nang lubusan, matupok

masunog nang lubusan, matupok

Ex: The ancient manuscripts were burned up during a library fire .Ang mga sinaunang manuskrito ay **nasunog** sa isang sunog sa aklatan.

to break down or fragment into constituent components due to various forces or interactions

mawasak, magkawatak-watak

mawasak, magkawatak-watak

Ex: The intense magnetic field caused the metallic structure to disintegrate into charged particles .Ang matinding magnetic field ay nagdulot ng **pagkawatak-watak** ng metallic structure sa mga charged particle.
so far
[Parirala]

in a continuous manner up to the present moment

Ex: So far, the team is ahead in the competition.
mission
[Pangngalan]

an operation carried out in space

misyon

misyon

Ex: NASA 's Voyager spacecraft embarked on a historic mission to explore the outer planets of our solar system .Ang sasakyang pangkalawakan na Voyager ng NASA ay naglunsad ng isang makasaysayang **misyon** upang galugarin ang mga panlabas na planeta ng ating solar system.
to abide by
[Pandiwa]

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

sumunod sa, tumalima sa

sumunod sa, tumalima sa

Ex: During the court trial , witnesses are required to abide by the judge 's directives .Sa panahon ng paglilitis sa korte, ang mga saksi ay kinakailangang **sumunod** sa mga direktiba ng hukom.
enterprise
[Pangngalan]

an enormous project that is part of a for-profit business

negosyo, proyekto

negosyo, proyekto

Ex: The enterprise to build the high-speed rail network required extensive investment and planning .Ang **enterprise** na pagbuo ng high-speed rail network ay nangangailangan ng malawak na pamumuhunan at pagpaplano.
despite
[Preposisyon]

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

sa kabila ng, kahit na

sa kabila ng, kahit na

Ex: She smiled despite the bad news.Ngumiti siya **sa kabila ng** masamang balita.
intention
[Pangngalan]

something that one is aiming, wanting, or planning to do

intensyon, layunin

intensyon, layunin

Ex: The defendant claimed that he had no intention of breaking the law , but the evidence suggested otherwise .Ang akusado ay nag-angkin na wala siyang **intensyon** na labagin ang batas, ngunit ang ebidensya ay nagmumungkahi ng kabaligtaran.
to go bankrupt
[Parirala]

to run out of money or assets and be unable to pay one's debts or financial obligations

Ex: The family struggled to pay off their debts and eventually went bankrupt.
in theory
[Parirala]

with regard to fundamentals although not concerning details

vastness
[Pangngalan]

unusual largeness in size or extent or number

kalawakan, lawak

kalawakan, lawak

to near
[Pandiwa]

to approach or move in the direction of someone or something

lumapit, malapit na

lumapit, malapit na

Ex: The airplane started to near the airport, descending for a smooth landing.Ang eroplano ay nagsimulang **lumapit** sa paliparan, bumababa para sa isang maayos na landing.
to tackle
[Pandiwa]

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

harapin, labanan

harapin, labanan

Ex: Governments worldwide are tackling climate change through various initiatives .Ang mga pamahalaan sa buong mundo ay **humaharap** sa pagbabago ng klima sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang inisyatiba.
precision
[Pangngalan]

the quality of being very careful and accurate, especially in performing tasks or making measurements

kawastuhan, katumpakan

kawastuhan, katumpakan

Ex: Surgery requires a high level of precision to avoid complications .Ang operasyon ay nangangailangan ng mataas na antas ng **kawastuhan** upang maiwasan ang mga komplikasyon.
to alleviate
[Pandiwa]

to reduce from the difficulty or intensity of a problem, issue, etc.

pagaanin, bawasan

pagaanin, bawasan

Ex: Increased funding will alleviate the strain on public services in the coming years .Ang pagtaas ng pondo ay **magpapagaan** ng pasanin sa mga serbisyong pampubliko sa mga darating na taon.
maneuver
[Pangngalan]

a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill

maneho, kilos na may kasanayan

maneho, kilos na may kasanayan

precisely
[pang-abay]

in a careful and accurate manner, with great attention to detail

nang tumpak, nang maingat

nang tumpak, nang maingat

Ex: She explained the steps precisely to avoid confusion .Ipinaliwanag niya nang **tumpak** ang mga hakbang upang maiwasan ang pagkalito.
specialist
[Pangngalan]

a person with a lot of knowledge and skills in a particular field

espesyalista

espesyalista

aerospace
[Pangngalan]

the branch of technology and industry concerned with both aviation and space flight

aerospace, industriya ng aerospace

aerospace, industriya ng aerospace

corporation
[Pangngalan]

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

korporasyon, kumpanya

korporasyon, kumpanya

Ex: The new environmental regulations will affect how the corporation conducts its business .Ang mga bagong regulasyon sa kapaligiran ay makakaapekto sa kung paano isinasagawa ng **korporasyon** ang negosyo nito.
field
[Pangngalan]

an area of activity or a subject of study

larangan, dako

larangan, dako

Ex: Her work in the field of environmental science has earned her numerous awards .Ang kanyang trabaho sa **larangan** ng agham pangkapaligiran ay nagtamo sa kanya ng maraming parangal.
to line up
[Pandiwa]

to align or position something precisely in relation to another thing

ihanay, iposisyon

ihanay, iposisyon

Ex: The carpenter lined up the wood panels to create a seamless joint .**Inilinya** ng karpintero ang mga panel ng kahoy upang makagawa ng isang seamless na joint.
routine
[Pangngalan]

a set of actions or behaviors that someone does regularly or habitually

rutina, ugali

rutina, ugali

Ex: The child 's bedtime routine always starts with a story .Ang **routine** ng pagtulog ng bata ay laging nagsisimula sa isang kwento.
to achieve
[Pandiwa]

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

makamit, magawa

makamit, magawa

Ex: The student 's perseverance and late-night study sessions helped him achieve high scores on the challenging exams .Ang tiyaga ng mag-aaral at ang kanyang mga sesyon ng pag-aaral sa gabi ay nakatulong sa kanya na **makamit** ang mataas na marka sa mahihirap na pagsusulit.
to prioritize
[Pandiwa]

to give a higher level of importance or urgency to a particular task, goal, or objective compared to others

bigyan ng prayoridad, unaahin

bigyan ng prayoridad, unaahin

Ex: She prioritizes her health over everything else .Inuuna niya ang kanyang kalusugan **higit sa lahat**.
nota bene
[Pangngalan]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

nota bene, pansinin mo

nota bene, pansinin mo

conflicting
[pang-uri]

showing opposing ideas or opinions that do not agree, causing confusion or disagreement

magkasalungat, hindi magkatugma

magkasalungat, hindi magkatugma

Ex: The research findings from different studies were conflicting, requiring further investigation to reconcile the discrepancies .Ang mga natuklasan sa pananaliksik mula sa iba't ibang pag-aaral ay **magkasalungat**, na nangangailangan ng karagdagang pagsisiyasat upang pagkasunduan ang mga pagkakaiba.
to undo
[Pandiwa]

to make null or cancel the effects of something

ibalik, kanselahin

ibalik, kanselahin

Ex: After receiving negative feedback , the company worked hard to undo the damage to its reputation .Matapos makatanggap ng negatibong feedback, ang kumpanya ay nagsumikap upang **ibalik** ang pinsala sa kanilang reputasyon.
down
[pang-abay]

to a more focused or reduced form

bawasan, paiitin

bawasan, paiitin

Ex: The team worked to pare the budget down to its essentials.Ang koponan ay nagtrabaho upang bawasan ang badyet **sa mga pangunahing pangangailangan**.
database
[Pangngalan]

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

database, bangko ng datos

database, bangko ng datos

Ex: The research project used a database to store and analyze large sets of experimental data , facilitating data-driven conclusions .Ang proyekto ng pananaliksik ay gumamit ng isang **database** upang mag-imbak at mag-analisa ng malalaking hanay ng eksperimental na data, na nagpapadali sa mga konklusyon na batay sa data.
to track
[Pandiwa]

observe or plot the moving path of something

subaybayan, tiktikan

subaybayan, tiktikan

consistently
[pang-abay]

in a way that is always the same

pare-pareho,  palagian

pare-pareho, palagian

Ex: The weather in this region is consistently sunny during the summer .Ang panahon sa rehiyong ito ay **palagian** maaraw tuwing tag-araw.
authoritative
[pang-uri]

of recognized authority or excellence

awtoritatibo, maaasahan

awtoritatibo, maaasahan

catalog
[Pangngalan]

a list of items in a particular category, especially one systematically arranged

katalogo, talaan

katalogo, talaan

to illustrate
[Pandiwa]

to explain or show the meaning of something using examples, pictures, etc.

ilarawan, ipaliwanag sa pamamagitan ng mga halimbawa

ilarawan, ipaliwanag sa pamamagitan ng mga halimbawa

Ex: He used a chart to illustrate the growth of the company over the years .Gumamit siya ng tsart para **ilarawan** ang paglago ng kumpanya sa paglipas ng mga taon.
to draw on
[Pandiwa]

to use information, knowledge, or past experience to aid in performing a task or achieving a goal

gumamit ng, umasa sa

gumamit ng, umasa sa

Ex: During the exam , students were encouraged to draw on their knowledge of the subject matter .Sa panahon ng pagsusulit, hinikayat ang mga mag-aaral na **gamitin** ang kanilang kaalaman sa paksa.
source
[Pangngalan]

a book or a document that supplies information in a research and is referred to

pinagmulan, sanggunian

pinagmulan, sanggunian

Ex: Wikipedia is not always a reliable source for academic work .Ang Wikipedia ay hindi laging isang maaasahang **pinagmulan** para sa akademikong gawain.
to maintain
[Pandiwa]

to keep a record of something by regularly documenting updates or details in writing

panatilihin, ingatan

panatilihin, ingatan

Ex: The teacher maintained attendance records for each of her classes .Ang guro ay **nagpanatili** ng mga tala ng pagdalo para sa bawat isa sa kanyang mga klase.
to visualize
[Pandiwa]

to form a mental image or picture of something

ilarawan sa isip, gunitain

ilarawan sa isip, gunitain

Ex: Artists often visualize their creations before putting brush to canvas .Madalas na **isaisip** ng mga artista ang kanilang mga likha bago ilagay ang brush sa canvas.
identifier
[Pangngalan]

a symbol that establishes the identity of the one bearing it

tagakilala, marka ng pagkakakilanlan

tagakilala, marka ng pagkakakilanlan

cross
[pang-uri]

arranged in opposite or inverse relationships

tumawid, salungat

tumawid, salungat

Ex: The cross marriage between the two families created a complex web of relationships.Ang **cross** na kasal sa pagitan ng dalawang pamilya ay lumikha ng isang kumplikadong web ng mga relasyon.
to correlate
[Pandiwa]

to cause or show a mutual relation between two things

iugnay, magpakita ng mutual na relasyon

iugnay, magpakita ng mutual na relasyon

Ex: The curriculum redesign aimed to correlate classroom learning with real-world applications .Ang muling disenyo ng kurikulum ay naglalayong **iugnay** ang pag-aaral sa silid-aralan sa mga aplikasyon sa totoong mundo.
environmentalist
[Pangngalan]

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

Ex: The environmentalist worked with local communities to promote sustainable farming practices .Ang **environmentalist** ay nagtrabaho kasama ang mga lokal na komunidad upang itaguyod ang mga sustainable farming practices.
to operate
[Pandiwa]

to function in a specific way

gumana, magpatakbo

gumana, magpatakbo

Ex: While the repairs were ongoing , the backup generator was operating to provide electricity .Habang ang mga pag-aayos ay nagpapatuloy, ang backup generator ay **nagpapatakbo** upang magbigay ng kuryente.
generation
[Pangngalan]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

henerasyon, henerasyon

henerasyon, henerasyon

Ex: Cultural changes often occur as one generation passes on traditions and values to the next .Ang mga pagbabago sa kultura ay madalas na nangyayari kapag ang isang **henerasyon** ay nagpapasa ng mga tradisyon at halaga sa susunod.
community
[Pangngalan]

a group of people having a religion, ethnic, profession, or other particular characteristic in common

komunidad, pamayanan

komunidad, pamayanan

to devolve
[Pandiwa]

grow worse

lumala, mas lumala

lumala, mas lumala

to argue
[Pandiwa]

to provide evidence or support for a particular conclusion or viewpoint

makipagtalo, magpatunay

makipagtalo, magpatunay

Ex: The financial records argue his mismanagement of company funds .Ang mga talaang pampinansyal ay **nagpapatunay** sa kanyang hindi wastong pamamahala ng pondo ng kumpanya.
spaceflight
[Pangngalan]

a voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere

paglipad sa kalawakan, paglalakbay sa kalawakan

paglipad sa kalawakan, paglalakbay sa kalawakan

to pollute
[Pandiwa]

to damage the environment by releasing harmful chemicals or substances to the air, water, or land

dumihan, manira

dumihan, manira

Ex: The smoke from the fire pollutes the atmosphere , reducing air quality .Ang usok mula sa apoy ay **nagdudumi** sa atmospera, na nagpapababa sa kalidad ng hangin.
reference
[Pangngalan]

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

sanggunian, sipi

sanggunian, sipi

Ex: He used a reference from the dictionary to explain the term .Gumamit siya ng **sanggunian** mula sa diksyunaryo upang ipaliwanag ang termino.
to take place
[Parirala]

to occur at a specific time or location

Ex: The historic event took place centuries ago.
to minimize
[Pandiwa]

to reduce something to the lowest possible degree or amount, particularly something unpleasant

paliitin, bawasan nang husto

paliitin, bawasan nang husto

Ex: While implementing safety measures , they were minimizing risks in the workplace .Habang ipinapatupad ang mga hakbang sa kaligtasan, **pinababa** nila ang mga panganib sa lugar ng trabaho.
explanation
[Pangngalan]

information or details that are given to make something clear or easier to understand

paliwanag, paglilinaw

paliwanag, paglilinaw

Ex: The guide 's detailed explanation enhanced their appreciation of the museum exhibit .Ang detalyadong **paliwanag** ng gabay ay nagpataas ng kanilang pagpapahalaga sa eksibisyon ng museo.
aim
[Pangngalan]

a specific, concrete objective that a person or group actively works toward, believing it to be realistically achievable

layunin, hangarin

layunin, hangarin

Ex: Her aim is to pass the entrance exam on her first attempt .Ang kanyang **layunin** ay makapasa sa entrance exam sa unang pagsubok pa lamang.
description
[Pangngalan]

a written or oral piece intended to give a mental image of something

paglalarawan

paglalarawan

Ex: The guide provided a thorough description of the museum 's history .Ang gabay ay nagbigay ng isang masusing **paglalarawan** ng kasaysayan ng museo.
comparison
[Pangngalan]

the process of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things or people

paghahambing

paghahambing

Ex: The comparison of Italian and Spanish reveals that they share many similar words and grammatical structures .Ang **paghahambing** ng Italyano at Espanyol ay nagpapakita na marami silang magkatulad na salita at istruktura ng gramatika.
efficiency
[Pangngalan]

the ability to act or function with minimum effort, time, and resources

kahusayan,  episyensya

kahusayan, episyensya

Ex: The factory prioritized efficiency by minimizing unnecessary motions on the assembly line .Ang pabrika ay nagbigay-prioridad sa **kahusayan** sa pamamagitan ng pagbabawas ng mga hindi kinakailangang galaw sa linya ng pag-assemble.

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

sistema ng transportasyon

sistema ng transportasyon

to classify
[Pandiwa]

to categorize or group something based on shared characteristics or qualities

uriin, ikategorya

uriin, ikategorya

Ex: Scientists classified the plant as a fern due to its unique leaf structure .**Inuri** ng mga siyentipiko ang halaman bilang isang pako dahil sa kakaibang istruktura ng dahon nito.
steward
[Pangngalan]

a person who is responsible for the care, management, or protection of something

tagapangasiwa, katiwala

tagapangasiwa, katiwala

Ex: He is a steward of the local wildlife , working to maintain the balance in the ecosystem .Siya ay isang **tagapangasiwa** ng lokal na wildlife, nagtatrabaho upang mapanatili ang balanse sa ecosystem.
astrodynamicist
[Pangngalan]

an expert in the field of astrodynamics, which involves the study of the motion of objects in space under the influence of gravitational forces

astrodynamicist, dalubhasa sa astrodynamics

astrodynamicist, dalubhasa sa astrodynamics

Ex: The company hired an astrodynamicist to analyze the space probe 's path .Ang kumpanya ay umupa ng isang **astrodynamicist** upang suriin ang landas ng space probe.

to design and administer something attentively

koreograpiya, ayusin nang maingat

koreograpiya, ayusin nang maingat

Ex: He choreographed the conference , coordinating speakers , sessions , and timing .**Choreograph** niya ang kumperensya, pagtutugma ng mga tagapagsalita, sesyon, at oras.
air traffic
[Pangngalan]

traffic created by the movement of aircraft

trapiko ng hangin

trapiko ng hangin

controller
[Pangngalan]

a person who directs and restrains

tagapamahala, tagapagkontrol

tagapamahala, tagapagkontrol

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko
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