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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademiko - Pagsusulit 1 - Pagbasa - Talata 3 (2)

Matuto ng bokabularyo mula sa ikalawang bahagi ng Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic, Test 1 Reading Passage 3, kasama ang mga kapaki-pakinabang na salita at expression mula sa teksto.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
intergovernmental

involving or relating to two or more governments or governmental agencies, especially those of different countries

intergovernmental

intergovernmental

Ex: The intergovernmental conference aimed to foster cooperation between the participating countries on environmental policies. 

Ang intergovernmental na kumperensya ay naglalayong pasiglahin ang kooperasyon sa pagitan ng mga bansang kalahok sa mga patakaran sa kapaligiran.

to advise
to advise
[Pandiwa]

to provide someone with suggestion or guidance regarding a specific situation

payuhan, irekomenda

payuhan, irekomenda

Ex: The teacher advised the students to study the textbook thoroughly before the exam. 
atmosphere
atmosphere
[Pangngalan]

the layer of gases surrounding a planet, held in place by gravity

atmospera, layer ng gas

atmospera, layer ng gas

Ex: Without an atmosphere, the Moon has no weather or air. 
to burn up
to burn up
[Pandiwa]

to be entirely destroyed by fire

tuluyang masunog, matupok

tuluyang masunog, matupok

Ex: The paper documents left near the open window accidentally caught fire and burned up. 

Ang mga dokumentong papel na naiwan malapit sa bukas na bintana ay aksidenteng nagliyab at ganap na nasunog.

to disintegrate

to break down or fragment into constituent components due to various forces or interactions

mawasak, magkawatak-watak

mawasak, magkawatak-watak

Ex: Under intense gravitational forces, the star began to disintegrate, forming a black hole. 

Sa ilalim ng matinding puwersa ng grabidad, ang bituin ay nagsimulang magkawatak-watak, na bumubuo ng isang black hole.

so far
so far
[Parirala]

in a continuous manner up to the present moment

Ex: The project has been going well so far. 
mission
mission
[Pangngalan]

an operation carried out in space

misyon

misyon

Ex: NASA's Voyager spacecraft embarked on a historic mission to explore the outer planets of our solar system. 
to abide by
to abide by
[Pandiwa]

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

sumunod sa, tumalima sa

sumunod sa, tumalima sa

Ex: The employees must abide by the supervisor's instructions at the construction site. 

Ang mga empleyado ay dapat sumunod sa mga tagubilin ng superbisor sa construction site.

enterprise
enterprise
[Pangngalan]

an enormous project that is part of a for-profit business

negosyo, proyekto

negosyo, proyekto

Ex: The enterprise to build the high-speed rail network required extensive investment and planning. 
despite
despite
[Preposisyon]

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

sa kabila ng, kahit na

sa kabila ng, kahit na

Ex: She smiled despite the bad news. 
intention
intention
[Pangngalan]

something that one is aiming, wanting, or planning to do

intensyon, layunin

intensyon, layunin

Ex: The defendant claimed that he had no intention of breaking the law, but the evidence suggested otherwise. 
to [go] bankrupt
to go bankrupt
[Parirala]

to run out of money or assets and be unable to pay one's debts or financial obligations

Ex: The company went bankrupt due to financial mismanagement. 
in theory
in theory
[Parirala]

with regard to fundamentals although not concerning details

vastness
vastness
[Pangngalan]

unusual largeness in size or extent or number

kalawakan, lawak

kalawakan, lawak

to near
to near
[Pandiwa]

to approach or move in the direction of someone or something

lumapit, malapit na

lumapit, malapit na

Ex: The airplane started to near the airport, descending for a smooth landing. 
to tackle
to tackle
[Pandiwa]

to try to deal with a difficult problem or situation in a determined manner

harapin, labanan

harapin, labanan

Ex: Governments worldwide are tackling climate change through various initiatives. 
precision
precision
[Pangngalan]

the quality of being very careful and accurate, especially in performing tasks or making measurements

kawastuhan, katumpakan

kawastuhan, katumpakan

Ex: His precision in delivering the speech made it highly effective. 
to alleviate
to alleviate
[Pandiwa]

to reduce from the difficulty or intensity of a problem, issue, etc.

pagaanin, bawasan

pagaanin, bawasan

Ex: The timely intervention of the rescue team alleviated the immediate crisis. 

Ang napapanahong interbensyon ng rescue team ay nagpahupa sa agarang krisis.

maneuver
maneuver
[Pangngalan]

a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill

maneho, kilos na may kasanayan

maneho, kilos na may kasanayan

precisely
precisely
[pang-abay]

in a careful and accurate manner, with great attention to detail

nang tumpak, nang maingat

nang tumpak, nang maingat

Ex: The doctor explained the procedure precisely before starting. 

Ipinaliwanag ng doktor ang pamamaraan nang tumpak bago magsimula.

specialist
specialist
[Pangngalan]

a person with extensive knowledge or skill in a specific field or area of expertise

espesyalista, dalubhasa

espesyalista, dalubhasa

Ex: He is a language specialist fluent in six dialects. 
aerospace
aerospace
[Pangngalan]

the sector of technology and industry focused on aircraft, spacecraft, and their associated systems

aerospace, kalawakan

aerospace, kalawakan

Ex: He works in the aerospace industry designing new jets. 

Siya ay nagtatrabaho sa industriya ng aerospace na nagdidisenyo ng mga bagong jet.

corporation
corporation
[Pangngalan]

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

korporasyon, kumpanya

korporasyon, kumpanya

Ex: The new environmental regulations will affect how the corporation conducts its business. 
field
field
[Pangngalan]

an area of activity or a subject of study

larangan, dako

larangan, dako

Ex: Her work in the field of environmental science has earned her numerous awards. 
to line up
to line up
[Pandiwa]

to align or position something precisely in relation to another thing

ihanay, iposisyon

ihanay, iposisyon

Ex: The electrician lined up the wires in the circuit box to prevent short circuits. 

Inayos ng electrician ang mga wire sa circuit box para maiwasan ang short circuits.

routine
routine
[Pangngalan]

a set of actions or behaviors that someone does regularly or habitually

rutina, ugali

rutina, ugali

Ex: Brushing teeth is part of a daily routine. 
to achieve
to achieve
[Pandiwa]

to finally accomplish a desired goal after dealing with many difficulties

makamit, magawa

makamit, magawa

Ex: The student's perseverance and late-night study sessions helped him achieve high scores on the challenging exams. 
to prioritize
to prioritize
[Pandiwa]

to give a higher level of importance or urgency to a particular task, goal, or objective compared to others

bigyan ng prayoridad, unaahin

bigyan ng prayoridad, unaahin

Ex: She prioritized completing her assignments before socializing with friends. 

Inuna niya ang pagtatapos ng kanyang mga takdang-aralin bago makipagsalamuha sa mga kaibigan.

nota bene
nota bene
[Pangngalan]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

nota bene, pansinin mo

nota bene, pansinin mo

conflicting
conflicting
[pang-uri]

showing opposing ideas or opinions that do not agree, causing confusion or disagreement

magkasalungat, hindi magkatugma

magkasalungat, hindi magkatugma

Ex: The two witnesses provided conflicting accounts of the accident, making it difficult for investigators to determine what truly happened. 

Ang dalawang saksi ay nagbigay ng magkasalungat na mga salaysay tungkol sa aksidente, na nagpahirap sa mga imbestigador na matukoy kung ano talaga ang nangyari.

to undo
to undo
[Pandiwa]

to make null or cancel the effects of something

ibalik, kanselahin

ibalik, kanselahin

Ex: Realizing the mistake, he quickly tried to undo the accidental deletion of the important file from his computer. 

Nang mapagtanto ang pagkakamali, mabilis niyang sinubukang ibalik ang aksidenteng pagbura ng mahalagang file mula sa kanyang computer.

down
down
[pang-abay]

to a more focused or reduced form

bawasan, paiitin

bawasan, paiitin

Ex: The team worked to pare the budget down to its essentials. 
database
database
[Pangngalan]

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

database, bangko ng datos

database, bangko ng datos

Ex: The research project used a database to store and analyze large sets of experimental data, facilitating data-driven conclusions. 
to track
to track
[Pandiwa]

to monitor or record the movement or progress of something over time

subaybayan, itala

subaybayan, itala

Ex: Satellites track ocean currents continuously. 
consistently
consistently
[pang-abay]

in a way that is always the same

pare-pareho,  palagian

pare-pareho, palagian

Ex: He consistently delivers high-quality work on every project. 

Siya ay palagi naghahatid ng mataas na kalidad na trabaho sa bawat proyekto.

authoritative
authoritative
[pang-uri]

of recognized authority or excellence

awtoritatibo, maaasahan

awtoritatibo, maaasahan

catalog
catalog
[Pangngalan]

a list of items in a particular category, especially one systematically arranged

katalogo, talaan

katalogo, talaan

Ex: The museum published a catalog of its paintings. 
to illustrate
to illustrate
[Pandiwa]

to explain or show the meaning of something using examples, pictures, etc.

ilarawan, ipaliwanag sa pamamagitan ng mga halimbawa

ilarawan, ipaliwanag sa pamamagitan ng mga halimbawa

Ex: He used a chart to illustrate the growth of the company over the years. 
to draw on
to draw on
[Pandiwa]

to use information, knowledge, or past experience to aid in performing a task or achieving a goal

gumamit ng, umasa sa

gumamit ng, umasa sa

Ex: In solving the complex problem, she had to draw on her extensive background in mathematics. 

Sa paglutas ng komplikadong problema, kailangan niyang gamitin ang kanyang malawak na background sa matematika.

source
source
[Pangngalan]

a book or a document that supplies information in a research and is referred to

pinagmulan, sanggunian

pinagmulan, sanggunian

Ex: Wikipedia is not always a reliable source for academic work. 
to maintain
to maintain
[Pandiwa]

to keep a record of something by regularly documenting updates or details in writing

panatilihin, ingatan

panatilihin, ingatan

Ex: She maintained a daily journal to track her fitness progress. 

Siya ay nagpapanatili ng isang araw-araw na journal upang subaybayan ang kanyang pag-unlad sa fitness.

to visualize
to visualize
[Pandiwa]

to form a mental image or picture of something

ilarawan sa isip, gunitain

ilarawan sa isip, gunitain

Ex: Before the competition, athletes often visualize their success. 

Bago ang kompetisyon, ang mga atleta ay madalas na naiisip ang kanilang tagumpay.

identifier
identifier
[Pangngalan]

a symbol that establishes the identity of the one bearing it

tagakilala, marka ng pagkakakilanlan

tagakilala, marka ng pagkakakilanlan

cross
cross
[pang-uri]

arranged in opposite or inverse relationships

tumawid, salungat

tumawid, salungat

Ex: The two opposing teams were in a cross competition for the championship title. 
to correlate
to correlate
[Pandiwa]

to cause or show a mutual relation between two things

iugnay, magpakita ng mutual na relasyon

iugnay, magpakita ng mutual na relasyon

Ex: The museum's exhibits were designed to correlate historical artifacts with contemporary artworks. 

Ang mga eksibit ng museo ay dinisenyo upang iugnay ang mga makasaysayang artifact sa mga kontemporaryong likhang sining.

environmentalist
environmentalist
[Pangngalan]

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

Ex: The environmentalist organized a campaign to raise awareness about plastic pollution in the oceans. 

Ang environmentalist ay nag-organisa ng isang kampanya upang itaas ang kamalayan tungkol sa polusyon ng plastik sa mga karagatan.

to operate
to operate
[Pandiwa]

to function in a specific way

gumana, magpatakbo

gumana, magpatakbo

Ex: While the repairs were ongoing, the backup generator was operating to provide electricity. 
generation
generation
[Pangngalan]

people born and living at approximately the same period of time

henerasyon, henerasyon

henerasyon, henerasyon

Ex: Cultural changes often occur as one generation passes on traditions and values to the next. 
community
community
[Pangngalan]

a group of people having a religion, ethnic, profession, or other particular characteristic in common

komunidad, pamayanan

komunidad, pamayanan

Ex: The medical community welcomed the new research. 
to devolve
to devolve
[Pandiwa]

grow worse

lumala, mas lumala

lumala, mas lumala

to argue
to argue
[Pandiwa]

to provide evidence or support for a particular conclusion or viewpoint

makipagtalo, magpatunay

makipagtalo, magpatunay

Ex: The financial records argue his mismanagement of company funds. 
spaceflight
spaceflight
[Pangngalan]

a voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere

paglipad sa kalawakan, paglalakbay sa kalawakan

paglipad sa kalawakan, paglalakbay sa kalawakan

to pollute
to pollute
[Pandiwa]

to damage the environment by releasing harmful chemicals or substances to the air, water, or land

dumihan, manira

dumihan, manira

Ex: Oil spills from tankers polluted oceans until preventative measures were put in place. 

Ang mga pagtagas ng langis mula sa mga tanker ay nagpollute sa mga karagatan hanggang sa mailagay ang mga hakbang pang-iwas.

reference
reference
[Pangngalan]

a mention or citation of something, often to provide context or support for an idea

sanggunian, sipi

sanggunian, sipi

Ex: He used a reference from the dictionary to explain the term. 
to [take] place
to take place
[Parirala]

to occur at a specific time or location

Ex: The wedding will take place in a beautiful garden by the lake. 
to minimize
to minimize
[Pandiwa]

to reduce something to the lowest possible degree or amount, particularly something unpleasant

paliitin, bawasan nang husto

paliitin, bawasan nang husto

Ex: She tries to minimize stress by practicing mindfulness techniques. 

Sinisikap niyang bawasan ang stress sa pamamagitan ng pagsasagawa ng mga pamamaraan ng mindfulness.

explanation
explanation
[Pangngalan]

information or details that are given to make something clear or easier to understand

paliwanag, paglilinaw

paliwanag, paglilinaw

Ex: The guide's detailed explanation enhanced their appreciation of the museum exhibit. 
aim
aim
[Pangngalan]

a specific, concrete objective that a person or group actively works toward, believing it to be realistically achievable

layunin, hangarin

layunin, hangarin

Ex: Her aim is to pass the entrance exam on her first attempt. 
description
description
[Pangngalan]

a written or oral piece intended to give a mental image of something

paglalarawan

paglalarawan

Ex: The guide provided a thorough description of the museum's history. 
comparison
comparison
[Pangngalan]

the process of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things or people

paghahambing

paghahambing

Ex: The comparison of Italian and Spanish reveals that they share many similar words and grammatical structures. 
efficiency
efficiency
[Pangngalan]

the ability to act or function with minimum effort, time, and resources

kahusayan,  episyensya

kahusayan, episyensya

Ex: Home renovations took less time with the contractor's efficiency in planning and order of tasks. 
transportation system

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

sistema ng transportasyon

sistema ng transportasyon

to classify
to classify
[Pandiwa]

to arrange people or things into groups according to shared characteristics or qualities

Ex: The library classifies books according to subject. 
steward
steward
[Pangngalan]

a person responsible for taking care of buildings, land, or animals

Ex: The steward inspected the grounds every morning. 
astrodynamicist
astrodynamicist
[Pangngalan]

an expert in the field of astrodynamics, which involves the study of the motion of objects in space under the influence of gravitational forces

astrodynamicist, dalubhasa sa astrodynamics

astrodynamicist, dalubhasa sa astrodynamics

Ex: The team of astrodynamicists worked to calculate the safest route for the satellite. 

Ang koponan ng mga astrodynamicist ay nagtrabaho upang kalkulahin ang pinakaligtas na ruta para sa satellite.

to choreograph

to design and administer something attentively

koreograpiya, ayusin nang maingat

koreograpiya, ayusin nang maingat

Ex: She choreographed the entire event, making sure every moment went smoothly. 

Siya ang nag-choreograph ng buong kaganapan, tinitiyak na maayos ang bawat sandali.

air traffic
air traffic
[Pangngalan]

aircraft moving through the air or operating on the movement areas of airports

trapiko sa himpapawid, paggalaw ng sasakyang panghimpapawid

trapiko sa himpapawid, paggalaw ng sasakyang panghimpapawid

Ex: Heavy air traffic caused delays throughout the afternoon. 
controller
controller
[Pangngalan]

a person who directs, regulates, or exercises control over someone or something

kontroler, tagapamahala

kontroler, tagapamahala

Ex: He disliked working for a controller who questioned every decision. 
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