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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7) - Física

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Física que son necesarias para el examen Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
resistor
resistor
[Sustantivo]

an electrical component designed to limit or control the flow of electric current in a circuit, typically by providing resistance

resistencia, resistor

resistencia, resistor

Ex: The color-coded bands on resistors indicate their resistance value, tolerance, and sometimes temperature coefficient. 

Las bandas codificadas por colores en los resistores indican su valor de resistencia, tolerancia y, a veces, el coeficiente de temperatura.

capacitor
capacitor
[Sustantivo]

an electric device that is used to accumulate electric charge

capacitor

capacitor

thermodynamics
thermodynamics
[Sustantivo]

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

termodinámica

termodinámica

Ex: The second law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy, indicating that natural processes tend to increase disorder in a closed system. 

La segunda ley de la termodinámica introduce el concepto de entropía, indicando que los procesos naturales tienden a aumentar el desorden en un sistema cerrado.

dark matter
dark matter
[Sustantivo]

(physics) an invisible substance that makes up most of the universe's mass, detectable only through its gravitational effects

materia oscura

materia oscura

Ex: Despite extensive research efforts, the true nature of dark matter remains one of the biggest mysteries in astrophysics. 

A pesar de los extensos esfuerzos de investigación, la verdadera naturaleza de la materia oscura sigue siendo uno de los mayores misterios en astrofísica.

photon
photon
[Sustantivo]

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

fotón, cuanto de luz

fotón, cuanto de luz

Ex: The dual nature of photons is described by wave-particle duality, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. 

La naturaleza dual de los fotones se describe mediante la dualidad onda-partícula, un concepto fundamental en la mecánica cuántica.

frequency
frequency
[Sustantivo]

the specific number of waves that pass a point every second

frecuencia

frecuencia

Ex: The radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 101.5 megahertz. 

La estación de radio transmite a una frecuencia de 101,5 megahercios.

wavelength
wavelength
[Sustantivo]

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

longitud de onda

longitud de onda

Ex: The wavelength of a radio wave determines its frequency and how it interacts with antennas. 
reflection
reflection
[Sustantivo]

the action or process where a wave, such as light or sound, bounces back from a surface instead of passing through

reflexión

reflexión

Ex: The calm lake's surface served as a perfect mirror, providing a clear reflection of the surrounding mountains. 

La superficie tranquila del lago servía como un espejo perfecto, proporcionando un reflejo claro de las montañas circundantes.

momentum
momentum
[Sustantivo]

the strength of a moving object determined by multiplying how heavy it is by how fast it is going

momento

momento

Ex: The cyclist's momentum helped him climb the steep hill. 

El ímpetu del ciclista lo ayudó a subir la colina empinada.

inertia
inertia
[Sustantivo]

the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, whether at rest or in uniform motion, and to remain in its current state unless acted upon by an external force

inercia

inercia

Ex: In space, where there is no air resistance, an object set in motion will continue moving indefinitely due to its inertia. 

En el espacio, donde no hay resistencia del aire, un objeto puesto en movimiento continuará moviéndose indefinidamente debido a su inercia.

oscillation
oscillation
[Sustantivo]

(physics) the back-and-forth motion of an object between two end points

oscilación

oscilación

Ex: Gravitationally bound binary star systems undergo regular orbital oscillations as the pair revolve around their mutual center of mass. 

Los sistemas binarios de estrellas ligados gravitacionalmente experimentan oscilaciones orbitales regulares mientras el par gira alrededor de su centro de masa mutuo.

transistor
transistor
[Sustantivo]

a small semiconductor device, used in television and radio sets, able to amplify or rectify an electric current

transistor

transistor

diode
diode
[Sustantivo]

an electronic device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only

diodo

diodo

inductor
inductor
[Sustantivo]

an electronic component that stores energy in a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it; typically consists of a coil of wire

inductor, bobina de inducción

inductor, bobina de inducción

Ex: Transformers utilize inductors to transfer electrical energy between different circuits by inducing a changing magnetic field in a nearby coil. 

Los inductores utilizan inductores para transferir energía eléctrica entre diferentes circuitos induciendo un campo magnético cambiante en una bobina cercana.

aerodynamics
aerodynamics
[Sustantivo]

the study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects

aerodinámica

aerodinámica

Ex: Car manufacturers use aerodynamics to design vehicles that have improved fuel efficiency by minimizing drag and maximizing stability. 

Los fabricantes de automóviles utilizan la aerodinámica para diseñar vehículos que tienen una mayor eficiencia de combustible al minimizar la resistencia y maximizar la estabilidad.

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