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Compétences Lexicales SAT 5 - Leçon 48

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SAT Word Skills 5
stratum
stratum
[nom]

a distinct layer or level within a system, often conceived as having depth or hierarchy

couche, strate

couche, strate

Ex: Within the corporate hierarchy, executives occupy the upper stratum, overseeing the company's operations. 

Dans la hiérarchie d'entreprise, les dirigeants occupent le stratum supérieur, supervisant les opérations de l'entreprise.

conundrum

a problem or question that is confusing and needs a lot of skill or effort to solve or answer

énigme

énigme

Ex: The researchers faced a conundrum when the experimental results contradicted their initial hypothesis. 

Les chercheurs ont été confrontés à un casse-tête lorsque les résultats expérimentaux ont contredit leur hypothèse initiale.

addendum

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

addendum

addendum

Ex: A detailed glossary was included as an addendum to the academic textbook. 

Un glossaire détaillé a été inclus comme addendum au manuel académique.

bacterium

a single-celled microorganism that typically reproduces by cell division and can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms

bactérie

bactérie

Ex: Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can cause various infections, including skin infections and food poisoning. 

Staphylococcus aureus est une bactérie qui peut provoquer diverses infections, y compris des infections cutanées et des intoxications alimentaires.

emporium

a large retail store selling various goods, or a particular type of goods

grand magasin

grand magasin

wampum
wampum
[nom]

a shell beads used by some Native American tribes as currency or ceremonial items

wampum, sewan

wampum, sewan

Ex: Wampum beads were used by various Native American tribes, including the Wampanoag and Lenape, for ceremonial purposes and as symbols of honor and prestige. 

Les perles wampum étaient utilisées par diverses tribus amérindiennes, y compris les Wampanoag et les Lenape, à des fins cérémonielles et comme symboles d'honneur et de prestige.

pendulum

a device with a long thin bar and a weight at the end that swings side to side to keep a clock working

pendule

pendule

proscenium

the architectural wall or frame that separates the stage from the auditorium in a modern theater, often forming an arch through which the audience views the performance

proscenium

proscenium

Ex: The theater's proscenium was gilded and elaborately carved. 

Le proscenium du théâtre était doré et finement sculpté.

oakum
oakum
[nom]

a tarred fiber used for caulking seams in wooden ships and as insulation in plumbing

étoupe

étoupe

Ex: After removing the old oakum, the ship's crew diligently replaced it with fresh tarred fiber to prevent leaks during the voyage. 

Après avoir retiré le vieux étoupe, l'équipage du navire l'a remplacé avec diligence par de la fibre goudronnée fraîche pour éviter les fuites pendant le voyage.

datum
datum
[nom]

a single piece of information or a reference point used in analysis or measurement

donnée

donnée

Ex: The researcher recorded each measurement as a separate datum to be included in the dataset. 

Le chercheur a enregistré chaque mesure comme un datum distinct à inclure dans l'ensemble de données.

compendium

a concise collection or summary of information, typically presented in a single volume or document

compendium

compendium

Ex: The professor assigned the compendium as supplementary reading material to provide students with an overview of the course topics. 

Le professeur a assigné le compendium comme lecture supplémentaire pour fournir aux étudiants un aperçu des sujets du cours.

opprobrium

severe criticism or public condemnation, often directed at someone's actions or behavior that is considered shameful or disgraceful

opprobre

opprobre

Ex: The company's decision to lay off thousands of employees sparked public opprobrium and calls for boycotts of its products. 

La décision de l'entreprise de licencier des milliers d'employés a suscité l'opprobre public et des appels au boycott de ses produits.

fulcrum
fulcrum
[nom]

a point or support on which a lever pivots or rotates in order to lift or move objects

pivot, point d'appui

pivot, point d'appui

Ex: In physics class, we learned about the importance of finding the right fulcrum to achieve maximum leverage when using a lever. 

En cours de physique, nous avons appris l'importance de trouver le bon point d'appui pour obtenir un levier maximum lors de l'utilisation d'un levier.

cranium
cranium
[nom]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

crâne, boîte crânienne

crâne, boîte crânienne

Ex: Skull fractures can occur if there is a severe impact to the cranium. 

Les fractures du crâne peuvent survenir en cas d'impact sévère sur le crâne.

effluvium

an unpleasant or noxious odor, typically emanating from decaying matter or industrial processes

effluvium

effluvium

Ex: The foul effluvium emanating from the sewage treatment plant made it challenging to enjoy outdoor activities. 

La effluve fétide émanant de l'usine de traitement des eaux usées rendait difficile la pratique d'activités en plein air.

millennium

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

millénium

millénium

Ex: The invention of printing was a pivotal development during the second millennium. 

L'invention de l'imprimerie a été un développement crucial au cours du deuxième millénaire.

moratorium

an officially declared pause of a specific action or policy, often imposed by authorities to allow for review, safety, or negotiation

moratoire

moratoire

Ex: Activists called for a moratorium on deforestation in the region. 

Les militants ont appelé à un moratoire sur la déforestation dans la région.

encomium

a formal expression of praise or tribute, typically delivered in speech or writing

louange, éloge, panégyrique

louange, éloge, panégyrique

Ex: The mayor's encomium during the ceremony celebrated the city's resilience and spirit in overcoming adversity. 

L'éloge du maire pendant la cérémonie a célébré la résilience et l'esprit de la ville à surmonter l'adversité.

asylum
asylum
[nom]

a facility offering care for patients with mental or medical conditions needing extended treatment

asile

asile

Ex: Patients admitted to the asylum received comprehensive medical care tailored to their individual needs. 

Les patients admis à l'asile ont reçu des soins médicaux complets adaptés à leurs besoins individuels.

nostrum
nostrum
[nom]

a questionable or unproven remedy or treatment, often sold with exaggerated claims of effectiveness

panacée

panacée

Ex: Despite its dubious reputation, some people continue to rely on traditional nostrums passed down through generations as home remedies. 

Malgré sa réputation douteuse, certaines personnes continuent de compter sur les nostrums traditionnels transmis de génération en génération comme remèdes maison.

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