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Sciences Naturelles SAT - La Vie Animale et l'Évolution

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la vie animale et à l'évolution, tels que "venin", "habitat", "diurne", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
insectivore

an animal that primarily feeds on insects or other small invertebrates

insectivore, mangeur d'insectes

insectivore, mangeur d'insectes

carnivorous
carnivorous
[Adjectif]

(of plants or animals) feeding on the meat or flesh of other animals

carnivore

carnivore

Ex: The Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant that traps and digests insects for nutrients. 

La dionée attrape-mouche est une plante carnivore qui piège et digère les insectes pour en tirer des nutriments.

herbivorous
herbivorous
[Adjectif]

(of an animal) solely feeding on plants

herbivore

herbivore

Ex: Elephants are large herbivorous mammals known for their consumption of tree leaves, grasses, and other plant matter. 

Les éléphants sont de grands mammifères herbivores connus pour leur consommation de feuilles d'arbres, d'herbes et d'autres matières végétales.

detritivore

an organism that breaks down and feeds on dead organic matter, such as decaying plant and animal material

détritivore, organisme détritivore

détritivore, organisme détritivore

parasitic
parasitic
[Adjectif]

relating to organisms that live on or inside other organisms, benefiting at the expense of their hosts

parasitaire, parasite

parasitaire, parasite

Ex: Malaria is caused by a parasitic protozoan transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. 

Le paludisme est causé par un protozoaire parasitaire transmis par la piqûre de moustiques infectés.

heterotroph

an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter

hétérotrophe, organisme hétérotrophe

hétérotrophe, organisme hétérotrophe

Ex: Fungi are heterotrophs that decompose organic matter to obtain nutrients. 

Les hétérotrophes sont des champignons qui décomposent la matière organique pour obtenir des nutriments.

predatory
predatory
[Adjectif]

(of wild animals) hunting, killing, and feeding on other animals for survival

prédateur

prédateur

Ex: The owl is a predatory bird, catching mice at night. 

Le hibou est un oiseau prédateur, attrapant des souris la nuit.

endothermic
endothermic
[Adjectif]

(of an animal) generating and regulating their own body heat internally

endothermique, à sang chaud

endothermique, à sang chaud

to hibernate

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

hiberner

hiberner

Ex: Some reptiles hibernate in burrows to survive the harsh winter conditions. 

Certains reptiles hibernent dans des terriers pour survivre aux conditions hivernales difficiles.

arousal
arousal
[nom]

the process of waking up or becoming active and alert, often influenced by environmental stimuli or internal biological rhythms

éveil, activation

éveil, activation

Ex: Arousal from hibernation in bears is a gradual process influenced by temperature changes. 

Le réveil de l'hibernation chez les ours est un processus progressif influencé par les changements de température.

venom
venom
[nom]

a toxic substance produced and secreted by certain animals, typically used for defense or hunting

venin

venin

Ex: Spider venom can cause pain and swelling. 

Le venin d'araignée peut provoquer des douleurs et des gonflements.

toxicity

the harmful effects or potential for harm caused by a substance to living organisms or the environment

toxicité

toxicité

Ex: Researchers conducted tests to evaluate the toxicity of the new pesticide on bees. 

Les chercheurs ont mené des tests pour évaluer la toxicité du nouveau pesticide sur les abeilles.

potency
potency
[nom]

the capacity or ability of an organism, often referring to its genetic potential, reproductive success, or influence within its environment

la puissance, la capacité

la puissance, la capacité

Ex: Natural selection favors individuals with higher potency in terms of survival and reproduction. 

La sélection naturelle favorise les individus ayant une puissance plus élevée en termes de survie et de reproduction.

habitat
habitat
[nom]

the natural environment in which a particular animal, plant, or other organism normally lives or grows

habitat

habitat

Ex: Deforestation has destroyed much of the orangutan's natural habitat. 
ecosystem

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

écosystème

écosystème

Ex: The Amazon rainforest is a vital ecosystem that regulates global climate patterns. 

La forêt amazonienne est un écosystème vital qui régule les modèles climatiques mondiaux.

diurnal
diurnal
[Adjectif]

primarily active or occurring during the daytime

diurne

diurne

Ex: Diurnal animals, such as squirrels and deer, are often seen during daylight hours, foraging and interacting in their natural habitats. 

Les animaux diurnes, tels que les écureuils et les cerfs, sont souvent observés pendant les heures de clarté, cherchant de la nourriture et interagissant dans leurs habitats naturels.

nocturnal
nocturnal
[Adjectif]

(of animals or organisms) primarily active during the night

nocturne

nocturne

Ex: Nocturnal predators like owls and foxes rely on their keen senses to locate prey under the cover of night. 

Les prédateurs nocturnes comme les hiboux et les renards comptent sur leurs sens aiguisés pour localiser leurs proies sous le couvert de la nuit.

crepuscular
crepuscular
[Adjectif]

(of an animal) active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk

crépusculaire, nocturne

crépusculaire, nocturne

Ex: Birdwatchers gathered at the nature reserve at dawn, hoping to catch a glimpse of the crepuscular owls returning to their roosts. 

Les ornithologues se sont rassemblés dans la réserve naturelle à l'aube, espérant apercevoir les hiboux crépusculaires retournant à leurs perchoirs.

to regurgitate

to bring up partially digested food from the stomach back into the mouth, often to feed young or as part of the digestive process

régurgiter, rejeter

régurgiter, rejeter

Ex: Owls regurgitate indigestible parts of their prey, such as bones and fur, in the form of pellets. 

Les hiboux régurgitent les parties indigestes de leurs proies, comme les os et la fourrure, sous forme de pelotes.

endoskeleton

the internal bony structure of an animal that gives it form and supports its weight

endosquelette

endosquelette

exoskeleton

the hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod

exosquelette

exosquelette

Ex: Insects shed their exoskeletons as they grow. 

Les insectes perdent leur exosquelette en grandissant.

extinct
extinct
[Adjectif]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

disparu, éteint

disparu, éteint

Ex: Scientists work tirelessly to prevent more species from becoming extinct by studying and conserving endangered animals and their habitats. 

Les scientifiques travaillent sans relâche pour empêcher que plus d'espèces ne deviennent éteintes en étudiant et en conservant les animaux en danger et leurs habitats.

de-extinction

the process of bringing extinct species back to life through scientific methods

dé-extinction, résurrection d'espèces

dé-extinction, résurrection d'espèces

domesticated
domesticated
[Adjectif]

(of a wild animal) tamed and adapted to live with or to the benefit of humans

domestiqué

domestiqué

Ex: Domesticated cats typically form close bonds with their owners and are valued as pets. 

Les chats domestiqués forment généralement des liens étroits avec leurs propriétaires et sont appréciés comme animaux de compagnie.

conservation

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

préservation, protection

préservation, protection

Ex: The government implemented strict conservation laws to protect the country's national parks. 
cloning
cloning
[nom]

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

clonage

clonage

Ex: Cloning allows researchers to produce identical cells in the lab. 

Le clonage permet aux chercheurs de produire des cellules identiques en laboratoire.

evolutionary
evolutionary
[Adjectif]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

évolutif

évolutif

Ex: Evolutionary theory explains how species adapt to changing environments through natural selection. 
subspecies

(biology) a distinct group within a species, often formed by geographic separation and showing slight physical or genetic differences

sous-espèce

sous-espèce

Ex: This subspecies of rabbit is found only in the high Alps. 
primitive
primitive
[Adjectif]

belonging to an early stage in the evolutionary development of humans or animals

primitif

primitif

Ex: The fossil belonged to a primitive ancestor of modern mammals. 
endangered
endangered
[Adjectif]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

en danger

en danger

Ex: Conservation efforts are underway to protect the habitat of the endangered Bengal tiger. 

Des efforts de conservation sont en cours pour protéger l'habitat du tigre du Bengale en danger.

endemic
endemic
[Adjectif]

found or restricted to a specific geographic region or habitat

endémique

endémique

Ex: Dengue fever is endemic in parts of Southeast Asia. 

La fièvre dengue est endémique dans certaines parties de l'Asie du Sud-Est.

mastodon

an extinct large, elephant-like mammal with long, curved tusks and a body covered in hair, which lived during the Pleistocene epoch

mastodonte, mastodon

mastodonte, mastodon

Ex: The mastodon roamed the forests and plains, feeding on trees and shrubs. 

Le mastodonte parcourait les forêts et les plaines, se nourrissant d'arbres et d'arbustes.

neanderthal

an extinct hominid species closely related to modern humans, characterized by a robust build and distinctive facial features, that lived in Europe and parts of Asia until approximately 40,000 years ago

Néandertalien, Homme de Néandertal

Néandertalien, Homme de Néandertal

Ex: Fossil evidence suggests that Neanderthals adapted to cold climates in Europe and Asia. 

Les preuves fossiles suggèrent que les Néandertaliens se sont adaptés aux climats froids en Europe et en Asie.

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