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Естественные Науки SAT - Жизнь животных и эволюция

Здесь вы узнаете некоторые английские слова, связанные с жизнью животных и эволюцией, такие как "яд", "среда обитания", "дневной" и т. д., которые вам понадобятся для успешной сдачи SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
insectivore
insectivore
[существительное]

an animal that primarily feeds on insects or other small invertebrates

насекомоядный

насекомоядный

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carnivorous
carnivorous
[прилагательное]

(of plants or animals) feeding on the meat or flesh of other animals

плотоядный

плотоядный

Ex: Lions are carnivorous predators that primarily hunt and eat other animals. 
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herbivorous
herbivorous
[прилагательное]

(of an animal) solely feeding on plants

травоядный

травоядный

Ex: Cows are herbivorous mammals that graze on grass and other vegetation. 
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detritivore
detritivore
[существительное]

an organism that breaks down and feeds on dead organic matter, such as decaying plant and animal material

детритофаг, организм-детритофаг

детритофаг, организм-детритофаг

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parasitic
parasitic
[прилагательное]

relating to organisms that live on or inside other organisms, benefiting at the expense of their hosts

паразитический, паразитарный

паразитический, паразитарный

Ex: Parasitic organisms, like ticks and tapeworms, depend on other living beings for their survival and reproduction. 
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heterotroph
heterotroph
[существительное]

an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter

гетеротроф, гетеротрофный организм

гетеротроф, гетеротрофный организм

Ex: All animals, including humans, are heterotrophs because they rely on other organisms for food. 
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predatory
predatory
[прилагательное]

(of wild animals) hunting, killing, and feeding on other animals for survival

хищный

хищный

Ex: Lions are predatory animals that hunt in groups. 
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endothermic
endothermic
[прилагательное]

(of an animal) generating and regulating their own body heat internally

эндотермический, теплокровный

эндотермический, теплокровный

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to hibernate
to hibernate
[глагол]

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

впадать в зимнюю спячку

впадать в зимнюю спячку

Ex: Bears hibernate in caves during the cold winter months to conserve energy. 
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arousal
arousal
[существительное]

the process of waking up or becoming active and alert, often influenced by environmental stimuli or internal biological rhythms

пробуждение, активация

пробуждение, активация

Ex: The bird's arousal at dawn was triggered by the first light of day. 
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venom
venom
[существительное]

a toxic substance produced and secreted by certain animals, typically used for defense or hunting

яд

яд

Ex: The snake injected venom into its prey. 
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toxicity
toxicity
[существительное]

the harmful effects or potential for harm caused by a substance to living organisms or the environment

токсичность

токсичность

Ex: The toxicity of the chemical spill contaminated the nearby water supply, posing a threat to aquatic life. 
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potency
potency
[существительное]

the capacity or ability of an organism, often referring to its genetic potential, reproductive success, or influence within its environment

мощность, способность

мощность, способность

Ex: The potency of a dominant male lion ensures that his genes are widely spread throughout the pride. 
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habitat
habitat
[существительное]

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

среда обитания, местообитание

среда обитания, местообитание

Ex: Coral reefs provide a rich habitat for thousands of marine species. 
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ecosystem
ecosystem
[существительное]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

экосистема

экосистема

Ex: Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support a wide range of marine life. 
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diurnal
diurnal
[прилагательное]

primarily active or occurring during the daytime

дневной

дневной

Ex: Most birds are diurnal, chirping and foraging for food as soon as the sun rises. 
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nocturnal
nocturnal
[прилагательное]

(of animals or organisms) primarily active during the night

ночной

ночной

Ex: The zoo had a special exhibit featuring nocturnal animals, with dim lighting to mimic their natural environment. 
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crepuscular
crepuscular
[прилагательное]

(of an animal) active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk

сумеречный, вечерний

сумеречный, вечерний

Ex: The crepuscular deer emerged from the forest as the sun began to set, grazing peacefully in the meadow. 
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to regurgitate
to regurgitate
[глагол]

to bring up partially digested food from the stomach back into the mouth, often to feed young or as part of the digestive process

отрыгивать, срыгивать

отрыгивать, срыгивать

Ex: Many bird species regurgitate food to feed their chicks. 
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endoskeleton
endoskeleton
[существительное]

the internal bony structure of an animal that gives it form and supports its weight

эндоскелет

эндоскелет

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exoskeleton
exoskeleton
[существительное]

the hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod

экзоскелет

экзоскелет

Ex: The beetle's exoskeleton was shiny and tough. 
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extinct
extinct
[прилагательное]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

вымерший

вымерший

Ex: The dodo bird is an example of a species that is now extinct, as it disappeared centuries ago due to human activity. 
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de-extinction
de-extinction
[существительное]

the process of bringing extinct species back to life through scientific methods

де-вымирание, воскрешение видов

де-вымирание, воскрешение видов

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domesticated
domesticated
[прилагательное]

(of a wild animal) tamed and adapted to live with or to the benefit of humans

одомашненный

одомашненный

Ex: Dogs are considered domesticated animals that have been companions to humans for thousands of years. 
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conservation
conservation
[существительное]

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

охрана природы

охрана природы

Ex: Conservation efforts are crucial to preserving endangered species and their habitats. 
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cloning
cloning
[существительное]

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

клонирование

клонирование

Ex: This experiment successfully demonstrated the cloning of plant cells. 
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evolutionary
evolutionary
[прилагательное]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

эволюционный

эволюционный

Ex: The evolutionary process has led to the diverse array of life forms we see today. 
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subspecies
subspecies
[существительное]

a taxonomic rank below species that represents a distinct population within a species, exhibiting consistent differences from other populations

подвид

подвид

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primitive
primitive
[прилагательное]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

примитивный

примитивный

Ex: The cave paintings depict the life of primitive man. 
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endangered
endangered
[прилагательное]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

находящийся под угрозой

находящийся под угрозой

Ex: The endangered sea turtle population is declining rapidly due to pollution and habitat destruction. 
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endemic
endemic
[прилагательное]

found or restricted to a specific geographic region or habitat

эндемичный

эндемичный

Ex: The endemic species of bird is only found in the remote forests of the island. 
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mastodon
mastodon
[существительное]

an extinct large, elephant-like mammal with long, curved tusks and a body covered in hair, which lived during the Pleistocene epoch

мастодонт, мастодон

мастодонт, мастодон

Ex: Fossils of the mastodon have been found in various parts of North America, providing insights into its habitat and behavior. 
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neanderthal
neanderthal
[существительное]

an extinct hominid species closely related to modern humans, characterized by a robust build and distinctive facial features, that lived in Europe and parts of Asia until approximately 40,000 years ago

Неандерталец, Человек неандертальский

Неандерталец, Человек неандертальский

Ex: Neanderthals coexisted with early modern humans and shared a common ancestor. 
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