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Přírodní Vědy SAT - Život Zvířat a Evoluce

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se životem zvířat a evolucí, jako je "jed", "habitat", "denní" atd., která budete potřebovat k úspěšnému složení SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
insectivore
insectivore
[Podstatné jméno]

an animal that primarily feeds on insects or other small invertebrates

hmyzožravec, živočich živící se hmyzem

hmyzožravec, živočich živící se hmyzem

carnivorous
carnivorous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of plants or animals) feeding on the meat or flesh of other animals

masožravý

masožravý

Ex: Lions are carnivorous predators that primarily hunt and eat other animals. 
herbivorous
herbivorous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal) solely feeding on plants

býložravý

býložravý

Ex: Cows are herbivorous mammals that graze on grass and other vegetation. 
detritivore
detritivore
[Podstatné jméno]

an organism that breaks down and feeds on dead organic matter, such as decaying plant and animal material

detritivor, detritivorní organismus

detritivor, detritivorní organismus

parasitic
parasitic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to organisms that live on or inside other organisms, benefiting at the expense of their hosts

parazitický, cizopasný

parazitický, cizopasný

Ex: Parasitic organisms, like ticks and tapeworms, depend on other living beings for their survival and reproduction. 
heterotroph
heterotroph
[Podstatné jméno]

an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter

heterotrof, heterotrofní organismus

heterotrof, heterotrofní organismus

Ex: All animals, including humans, are heterotrophs because they rely on other organisms for food. 
predatory
predatory
[Přídavné jméno]

(of wild animals) hunting, killing, and feeding on other animals for survival

dravý, masožravý

dravý, masožravý

Ex: Lions are predatory animals that hunt in groups. 
endothermic
endothermic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal) generating and regulating their own body heat internally

endotermní, teplokrevný

endotermní, teplokrevný

to hibernate
to hibernate
[sloveso]

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

hibernovat, přezimovat v hlubokém spánku

hibernovat, přezimovat v hlubokém spánku

Ex: Bears hibernate in caves during the cold winter months to conserve energy. 
arousal
arousal
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of waking up or becoming active and alert, often influenced by environmental stimuli or internal biological rhythms

probuzení, aktivace

probuzení, aktivace

Ex: The bird's arousal at dawn was triggered by the first light of day. 
venom
venom
[Podstatné jméno]

a toxic substance produced and secreted by certain animals, typically used for defense or hunting

jed, toxin

jed, toxin

Ex: The snake injected venom into its prey. 
toxicity
toxicity
[Podstatné jméno]

the harmful effects or potential for harm caused by a substance to living organisms or the environment

toxicita

toxicita

Ex: The toxicity of the chemical spill contaminated the nearby water supply, posing a threat to aquatic life. 
potency
potency
[Podstatné jméno]

the capacity or ability of an organism, often referring to its genetic potential, reproductive success, or influence within its environment

síla, schopnost

síla, schopnost

Ex: The potency of a dominant male lion ensures that his genes are widely spread throughout the pride. 
habitat
habitat
[Podstatné jméno]

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

biotop, přirozené prostředí

biotop, přirozené prostředí

Ex: Coral reefs provide a rich habitat for thousands of marine species. 
ecosystem
ecosystem
[Podstatné jméno]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ekosystém, ekologický systém

ekosystém, ekologický systém

Ex: Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support a wide range of marine life. 
diurnal
diurnal
[Přídavné jméno]

primarily active or occurring during the daytime

denní, aktivní během dne

denní, aktivní během dne

Ex: Most birds are diurnal, chirping and foraging for food as soon as the sun rises. 
nocturnal
nocturnal
[Přídavné jméno]

(of animals or organisms) primarily active during the night

noční

noční

Ex: The zoo had a special exhibit featuring nocturnal animals, with dim lighting to mimic their natural environment. 
crepuscular
crepuscular
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal) active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk

soumračný, večerní

soumračný, večerní

Ex: The crepuscular deer emerged from the forest as the sun began to set, grazing peacefully in the meadow. 
to regurgitate

to bring up partially digested food from the stomach back into the mouth, often to feed young or as part of the digestive process

zvracet, vyvrhnout

zvracet, vyvrhnout

Ex: Many bird species regurgitate food to feed their chicks. 
endoskeleton
endoskeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

the internal bony structure of an animal that gives it form and supports its weight

endoskelet, vnitřní kostra

endoskelet, vnitřní kostra

exoskeleton
exoskeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

the hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod

exoskelet, krunýř

exoskelet, krunýř

Ex: The beetle's exoskeleton was shiny and tough. 
extinct
extinct
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

vyhynulý, zmizelý

vyhynulý, zmizelý

Ex: The dodo bird is an example of a species that is now extinct, as it disappeared centuries ago due to human activity. 
de-extinction
de-extinction
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of bringing extinct species back to life through scientific methods

de-extinkce, vzkříšení druhů

de-extinkce, vzkříšení druhů

domesticated
domesticated
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a wild animal) tamed and adapted to live with or to the benefit of humans

zdomácnělý, zkrocený

zdomácnělý, zkrocený

Ex: Dogs are considered domesticated animals that have been companions to humans for thousands of years. 
conservation
conservation
[Podstatné jméno]

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

ochrana, zachování

ochrana, zachování

Ex: Conservation efforts are crucial to preserving endangered species and their habitats. 
cloning
cloning
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

klonování

klonování

Ex: This experiment successfully demonstrated the cloning of plant cells. 
evolutionary
evolutionary
[Přídavné jméno]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

evoluční

evoluční

Ex: The evolutionary process has led to the diverse array of life forms we see today. 
subspecies
subspecies
[Podstatné jméno]

a taxonomic rank below species that represents a distinct population within a species, exhibiting consistent differences from other populations

poddruh, plemeno

poddruh, plemeno

primitive
primitive
[Přídavné jméno]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

primitivní, archaický

primitivní, archaický

Ex: The cave paintings depict the life of primitive man. 
endangered
endangered
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

ohrožený

ohrožený

Ex: The endangered sea turtle population is declining rapidly due to pollution and habitat destruction. 
endemic
endemic
[Přídavné jméno]

found or restricted to a specific geographic region or habitat

endemický

endemický

Ex: The endemic species of bird is only found in the remote forests of the island. 
mastodon
mastodon
[Podstatné jméno]

an extinct large, elephant-like mammal with long, curved tusks and a body covered in hair, which lived during the Pleistocene epoch

mastodont, mastodon

mastodont, mastodon

Ex: Fossils of the mastodon have been found in various parts of North America, providing insights into its habitat and behavior. 
neanderthal
neanderthal
[Podstatné jméno]

an extinct hominid species closely related to modern humans, characterized by a robust build and distinctive facial features, that lived in Europe and parts of Asia until approximately 40,000 years ago

Neandertálec, Neandertálský člověk

Neandertálec, Neandertálský člověk

Ex: Neanderthals coexisted with early modern humans and shared a common ancestor. 
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