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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Biologi, Genetika dan Proses Kehidupan

Pelajari kosakata CAE tingkat lanjut untuk biologi, genetika, dan proses kehidupan, termasuk sel, pewarisan, reproduksi, adaptasi, organisme, dan perkembangan biologis.

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
nucleus
nucleus
[Kata benda]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

nukleus, inti sel

nukleus, inti sel

Ex: Within the nucleus, there is a dense region called the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and assembled into ribosomes. 
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metabolism
metabolism
[Kata benda]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolisme, proses metabolik

metabolisme, proses metabolik

Ex: The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones that control metabolic rate. 
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evolutionary
evolutionary
[Adjektiva]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

evolusioner

evolusioner

Ex: The evolutionary history of humans traces back millions of years to ancestral primates. 
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evolution
evolution
[Kata benda]

the process by which populations of living organisms change genetically across successive generations

evolusi,  evolusi biologis

evolusi, evolusi biologis

Ex: Natural selection is one of the major mechanisms of evolution. 
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genome
genome
[Kata benda]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

genom

Ex: Researchers are studying the genome of the coronavirus to track its mutations and develop effective vaccines. 

Para peneliti sedang mempelajari genom virus corona untuk melacak mutasinya dan mengembangkan vaksin yang efektif.

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mutation
mutation
[Kata benda]

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutasi, perubahan genetik

mutasi, perubahan genetik

Ex: The fish exhibited a unique fin shape, which was later identified as a result of a genetic mutation. 

Ikan itu menunjukkan bentuk sirip yang unik, yang kemudian diidentifikasi sebagai hasil dari mutasi genetik.

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embryo
embryo
[Kata benda]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embrio, janin

embrio, janin

Ex: Researchers study embryos to better understand the early stages of human development and congenital disorders. 

Para peneliti mempelajari embrio untuk lebih memahami tahap-tahap awal perkembangan manusia dan gangguan bawaan.

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hybrid
hybrid
[Kata benda]

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

hibrida, persilangan

hibrida, persilangan

Ex: The gardener planted a hybrid in her vegetable patch, knowing it would yield more fruit and be less susceptible to disease than purebred varieties. 

Tukang kebun menanam hibrida di kebun sayurnya, mengetahui bahwa itu akan menghasilkan lebih banyak buah dan kurang rentan terhadap penyakit dibandingkan varietas murni.

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clone
clone
[Kata benda]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

klon, pengklonan

klon, pengklonan

Ex: Researchers created a clone of the original stem cell to study its potential for regenerating damaged tissues. 

Para peneliti menciptakan klon dari sel induk asli untuk mempelajari potensinya dalam meregenerasi jaringan yang rusak.

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to reproduce
to reproduce
[kata kerja]

to produce offspring or new individuals of the same kind

berkembang biak

berkembang biak

Ex: These bacteria reproduce rapidly under warm conditions. 
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stimulus
stimulus
[Kata benda]

something that causes or prompts a physical, psychological, or behavioral response

stimulus,  rangsangan

stimulus, rangsangan

Ex: A sudden noise can act as a stimulus that triggers a fear response. 
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synthesis
synthesis
[Kata benda]

the production of a substance through chemical or biological reactions

sintesis,  sintesis kimia

sintesis, sintesis kimia

Ex: Researchers developed a faster method for the synthesis of the compound. 
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bloom
bloom
[Kata benda]

the organic process through which a plant produces flowers

pembungaan, mekar

pembungaan, mekar

Ex: The magnolias reached peak bloom in early April this year. 

Magnolia mencapai puncak berbunga pada awal April tahun ini.

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life cycle
life cycle
[Kata benda]

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

siklus hidup, siklus biologis

siklus hidup, siklus biologis

Ex: Plants have a unique life cycle that involves seeds, growth, and reproduction. 

Tumbuhan memiliki siklus hidup yang unik yang melibatkan biji, pertumbuhan, dan reproduksi.

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to wilt
to wilt
[kata kerja]

to become limp or droopy, usually due to lack of water or loss of vitality

layu, merunduk

layu, merunduk

Ex: The delicate petals of the bouquet began to wilt after being left unattended for several hours. 

Kelopak-kelopak halus buket mulai layu setelah dibiarkan tanpa perawatan selama beberapa jam.

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lifespan
lifespan
[Kata benda]

the total amount of time that an organism, person, or object is alive or able to function

umur, jangka hidup

umur, jangka hidup

Ex: The lifespan of a building can be extended with regular maintenance. 
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to inherit
to inherit
[kata kerja]

to receive a physical or mental characteristic genetically from a parent or ancestor

mewarisi,  menurun

mewarisi, menurun

Ex: Children can inherit certain genetic conditions from their parents. 
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gestation period
gestation period
[Kata benda]

the duration between conception and birth during which an embryo or fetus develops in the uterus

periode kehamilan, masa kehamilan

periode kehamilan, masa kehamilan

Ex: Farmers track the gestation period of dairy cows to schedule calving and optimize milk production. 

Petani melacak periode kehamilan sapi perah untuk menjadwalkan kelahiran dan mengoptimalkan produksi susu.

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blood vessel
blood vessel
[Kata benda]

any tube structure inside the body through which blood can circulate, such as a vein, artery, etc.

pembuluh darah, pembuluh

pembuluh darah, pembuluh

Ex: During exercise, blood vessels expand to increase the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the muscles. 

Selama berolahraga, pembuluh darah mengembang untuk meningkatkan aliran darah kaya oksigen ke otot.

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bloodstream
bloodstream
[Kata benda]

the flowing blood in a circulatory system, moving through vessels to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body

aliran darah, peredaran darah

aliran darah, peredaran darah

Ex: As adrenaline floods the bloodstream, the body enters a heightened state of alert during an emergency. 

Ketika adrenalin membanjiri aliran darah, tubuh memasuki keadaan siaga yang meningkat selama keadaan darurat.

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cell
cell
[Kata benda]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

sel

sel

Ex: The discovery of cells and the development of cell theory by scientists such as Robert Hooke and Theodor Schwann revolutionized our understanding of living organisms. 
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cellular
cellular
[Adjektiva]

relating to or consisting of cells, the basic structural units of living organisms or systems

seluler, berkaitan dengan sel

seluler, berkaitan dengan sel

Ex: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy from glucose. 

Respirasi seluler adalah proses di mana sel menghasilkan energi dari glukosa.

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cortex
cortex
[Kata benda]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

korteks, korteks serebral

korteks, korteks serebral

Ex: Damage to the motor cortex can result in paralysis or weakness on the opposite side of the body. 

Kerusakan pada korteks motorik dapat mengakibatkan kelumpuhan atau kelemahan di sisi berlawanan dari tubuh.

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nutrient
nutrient
[Kata benda]

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

nutrisi, zat gizi

nutrisi, zat gizi

Ex: A balanced diet includes a variety of nutrients. 

Diet seimbang mencakup berbagai nutrisi.

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pathogen
pathogen
[Kata benda]

any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, agen penyebab penyakit

patogen, agen penyebab penyakit

Ex: The researchers identified a new viral pathogen that was causing the outbreak of respiratory illness in the community. 

Para peneliti mengidentifikasi patogen virus baru yang menyebabkan wabah penyakit pernapasan di masyarakat.

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to evolve
to evolve
[kata kerja]

to develop or change gradually over time into a different form

berkembang,  berevolusi

berkembang, berevolusi

Ex: The project gradually evolved from a simple website into a complete learning platform. 
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domestication
domestication
[Kata benda]

the process of taming wild animals and developing them into pets or livestock through selective breeding and husbandry

penjinakan, domestikasi

penjinakan, domestikasi

Ex: Over millennia, sheep domestication produced breeds adapted to a wide range of climates and fleece qualities. 

Selama ribuan tahun, domestikasi domba menghasilkan ras yang beradaptasi dengan berbagai iklim dan kualitas bulu.

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cardiovascular
cardiovascular
[Adjektiva]

related to the heart and blood vessels

kardiovaskular

kardiovaskular

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help maintain cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of heart disease. 

Olahraga teratur dan diet sehat dapat membantu menjaga kesehatan kardiovaskular dan mengurangi risiko penyakit jantung.

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gene
gene
[Kata benda]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gen, unit genetik

gen, unit genetik

Ex: The gene responsible for eye color is inherited from both parents. 
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