Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Biologia, Genetyka i Procesy Życiowe
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(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

jądro, nukleus
the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolizm, przemiana materii
related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

ewolucyjny
(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

ewolucja
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom
(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutacja, zmiana genetyczna
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

zarodek, embrion
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

hybryda, krzyżówka
a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

klon, klonowanie
(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

rozmnażać się, reprodukować
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

bodziec, stymulant
the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

synteza
all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

cykl życia, cykl biologiczny
to become limp or droopy, usually due to lack of water or loss of vitality

więdnąć, opadać
the total amount of time that an organism, person, or object is alive or able to function

długość życia, żywotność
to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

odziedziczyć, otrzymać w spadku
the duration between conception and birth during which an embryo or fetus develops in the uterus

okres ciąży, czas trwania ciąży
any tube structure inside the body through which blood can circulate, such as a vein, artery, etc.

naczynie krwionośne, naczynie
the flowing blood in a circulatory system, moving through vessels to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body

prąd krwi, krążenie krwi
an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

komórka
relating to or consisting of cells, the basic structural units of living organisms or systems

komórkowy, odnoszący się do komórek
(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

kora, kora mózgowa
a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

składnik odżywczy, substancja odżywcza
any organism that can cause diseases

patogen, czynnik chorobotwórczy
to develop from a simple form to a more complex or sophisticated one over an extended period

ewoluować, rozwijać się
the process of taming wild animals and developing them into pets or livestock through selective breeding and husbandry

udomowienie, oswojenie
related to the heart and blood vessels

sercowo-naczyniowy
(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gen, jednostka genetyczna
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