Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - زیست‌شناسی، ژنتیک و فرآیندهای زندگی

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

the organic process through which a plant produces flowers

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

to become limp or droopy, usually due to lack of water or loss of vitality

the total amount of time that an organism, person, or object is alive or able to function

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

the duration between conception and birth during which an embryo or fetus develops in the uterus

any tube structure inside the body through which blood can circulate, such as a vein, artery, etc.

the flowing blood in a circulatory system, moving through vessels to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

relating to or consisting of cells, the basic structural units of living organisms or systems

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

any organism that can cause diseases

to develop from a simple form to a more complex or sophisticated one over an extended period

the process of taming wild animals and developing them into pets or livestock through selective breeding and husbandry

related to the heart and blood vessels

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality