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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Biología, Genética y Procesos Vitales

Aprende vocabulario avanzado de CAE para biología, genética y procesos vitales, incluyendo células, herencia, reproducción, adaptación, organismos y desarrollo biológico.

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
nucleus
nucleus
[Sustantivo]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

núcleo

núcleo

Ex: Within the nucleus, there is a dense region called the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and assembled into ribosomes. 
metabolism
metabolism
[Sustantivo]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismo

metabolismo

Ex: The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones that control metabolic rate. 
evolutionary
evolutionary
[Adjetivo]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

evolutivo

evolutivo

Ex: The evolutionary history of humans traces back millions of years to ancestral primates. 
evolution
evolution
[Sustantivo]

the process by which populations of living organisms change genetically across successive generations

evolución

evolución

Ex: Natural selection is one of the major mechanisms of evolution. 
genome
genome
[Sustantivo]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genoma

genoma

Ex: Researchers are studying the genome of the coronavirus to track its mutations and develop effective vaccines. 

Los investigadores están estudiando el genoma del coronavirus para rastrear sus mutaciones y desarrollar vacunas efectivas.

mutation
mutation
[Sustantivo]

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutación

mutación

Ex: Due to a mutation in his genes, the child was born with blue eyes, even though both parents had brown eyes. 

Debido a una mutación en sus genes, el niño nació con ojos azules, aunque ambos padres tenían ojos marrones.

embryo
embryo
[Sustantivo]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

embrión

embrión

Ex: Researchers study embryos to better understand the early stages of human development and congenital disorders. 

Los investigadores estudian los embriones para comprender mejor las primeras etapas del desarrollo humano y los trastornos congénitos.

hybrid
hybrid
[Sustantivo]

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

híbrido

híbrido

Ex: The gardener planted a hybrid in her vegetable patch, knowing it would yield more fruit and be less susceptible to disease than purebred varieties. 

El jardinero plantó un híbrido en su huerto, sabiendo que produciría más fruta y sería menos susceptible a enfermedades que las variedades puras.

clone
clone
[Sustantivo]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

clon

clon

Ex: Researchers created a clone of the original stem cell to study its potential for regenerating damaged tissues. 

Los investigadores crearon un clon de la célula madre original para estudiar su potencial para regenerar tejidos dañados.

to reproduce

to produce offspring or new individuals of the same kind

reproducir

reproducir

Ex: These bacteria reproduce rapidly under warm conditions. 
stimulus
stimulus
[Sustantivo]

something that causes or prompts a physical, psychological, or behavioral response

estímulo

estímulo

Ex: A sudden noise can act as a stimulus that triggers a fear response. 
synthesis
synthesis
[Sustantivo]

the production of a substance through chemical or biological reactions

síntesis

síntesis

Ex: Researchers developed a faster method for the synthesis of the compound. 
bloom
bloom
[Sustantivo]

the organic process through which a plant produces flowers

floración, florecimiento

floración, florecimiento

Ex: The magnolias reached peak bloom in early April this year. 

Las magnolias alcanzaron su floración máxima a principios de abril este año.

life cycle
life cycle
[Sustantivo]

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

ciclo de vida

ciclo de vida

Ex: Plants have a unique life cycle that involves seeds, growth, and reproduction. 

Las plantas tienen un ciclo de vida único que implica semillas, crecimiento y reproducción.

to wilt
to wilt
[Verbo]

to become limp or droopy, usually due to lack of water or loss of vitality

marchitarse, ajarse

marchitarse, ajarse

Ex: The delicate petals of the bouquet began to wilt after being left unattended for several hours. 

Los delicados pétalos del ramo comenzaron a marchitarse después de ser dejados desatendidos durante varias horas.

lifespan
lifespan
[Sustantivo]

the total amount of time that an organism, person, or object is alive or able to function

duración de la vida, esperanza de vida

duración de la vida, esperanza de vida

Ex: Scientists are working to understand the lifespan of human cells. 
to inherit
to inherit
[Verbo]

to receive a physical or mental characteristic genetically from a parent or ancestor

heredar,  recibir

heredar, recibir

Ex: Children can inherit certain genetic conditions from their parents. 
gestation period
gestation period
[Sustantivo]

the duration between conception and birth during which an embryo or fetus develops in the uterus

período de gestación, duración de la gestación

período de gestación, duración de la gestación

Ex: Farmers track the gestation period of dairy cows to schedule calving and optimize milk production. 

Los agricultores rastrean el período de gestación de las vacas lecheras para programar el parto y optimizar la producción de leche.

blood vessel
blood vessel
[Sustantivo]

any tube structure inside the body through which blood can circulate, such as a vein, artery, etc.

vaso sanguíneo

vaso sanguíneo

Ex: During exercise, blood vessels expand to increase the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the muscles. 

Durante el ejercicio, los vasos sanguíneos se expanden para aumentar el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno hacia los músculos.

bloodstream
bloodstream
[Sustantivo]

the flowing blood in a circulatory system, moving through vessels to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body

torrente sanguíneo

torrente sanguíneo

Ex: As adrenaline floods the bloodstream, the body enters a heightened state of alert during an emergency. 

Cuando la adrenalina inunda el torrente sanguíneo, el cuerpo entra en un estado de alerta elevado durante una emergencia.

cell
cell
[Sustantivo]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

célula

célula

Ex: The discovery of cells and the development of cell theory by scientists such as Robert Hooke and Theodor Schwann revolutionized our understanding of living organisms. 
cellular
cellular
[Adjetivo]

relating to or consisting of cells, the basic structural units of living organisms or systems

celular, relativo a las células

celular, relativo a las células

Ex: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy from glucose. 

La respiración celular es el proceso por el cual las células producen energía a partir de la glucosa.

cortex
cortex
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

corteza, córtex

corteza, córtex

Ex: Damage to the motor cortex can result in paralysis or weakness on the opposite side of the body. 

El daño al córtex motor puede resultar en parálisis o debilidad en el lado opuesto del cuerpo.

nutrient
nutrient
[Sustantivo]

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

nutriente, sustancia nutritiva

nutriente, sustancia nutritiva

Ex: A balanced diet includes a variety of nutrients. 

Una dieta equilibrada incluye una variedad de nutrientes.

pathogen
pathogen
[Sustantivo]

any organism that can cause diseases

agente patógeno

agente patógeno

Ex: The researchers identified a new viral pathogen that was causing the outbreak of respiratory illness in the community. 

Los investigadores identificaron un nuevo patógeno viral que estaba causando el brote de enfermedad respiratoria en la comunidad.

to evolve
to evolve
[Verbo]

to develop or change gradually over time into a different form

evolucionar

evolucionar

Ex: The project gradually evolved from a simple website into a complete learning platform. 
domestication
domestication
[Sustantivo]

the process of taming wild animals and developing them into pets or livestock through selective breeding and husbandry

domesticación, doma

domesticación, doma

Ex: Over millennia, sheep domestication produced breeds adapted to a wide range of climates and fleece qualities. 

A lo largo de milenios, la domesticación de las ovejas produjo razas adaptadas a una amplia gama de climas y cualidades de lana.

cardiovascular
cardiovascular
[Adjetivo]

related to the heart and blood vessels

cardiovascular

cardiovascular

Ex: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help maintain cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of heart disease. 

El ejercicio regular y una dieta saludable pueden ayudar a mantener la salud cardiovascular y reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas.

gene
gene
[Sustantivo]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gene

gene

Ex: She discovered that her gene pool had a unique mutation. 
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