Ilmu Pengetahuan ACT - Biokimia dan struktur sel
Pelajari kosakata sains ACT untuk biokimia dan struktur sel, termasuk protein, enzim, membran, organel, metabolisme, dan proses seluler.
Tinjauan
Kartu flash
Ejaan
Kuis
a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber
selulosa, serat makanan
Burger vegetarian mengandung selulosa sebagai bahan pengikat berbasis tanaman.
a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks
fruktosa, gula buah
Ini biasa digunakan sebagai pemanis dalam berbagai makanan dan minuman.
a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms
glukosa
a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body
peptida, rantai pendek asam amino
Enzim memecah protein menjadi peptida yang lebih kecil untuk pencernaan yang lebih mudah.
a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity
karotenoid, pigmen karotenoid
Warna merah muda bulu flamingo berasal dari karotenoid dalam makanan mereka yang terdiri dari alga dan krustasea.
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
enzim
the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions
proteom, seluruh set protein
Penelitian ini membandingkan proteom jaringan sehat dan sakit untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan dalam ekspresi protein.
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
nukleotida
Rantai nukleotida dalam DNA atau RNA sering disebut sebagai untai atau urutan.
a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed
monosakarida
Glukosa, sebuah monosakarida umum, menjadi bahan bakar respirasi seluler.
a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
glutamat, senyawa dasar yang berasal dari asam glutamat
Neuron di otak menggunakan glutamat sebagai neurotransmitter untuk mengirim sinyal antar sel.
a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances
antioksidan
Blueberry kaya akan antioksidan, yang membantu melindungi tubuh dari radikal bebas.
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
lipid, lemak
relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production
mitokondria, berkaitan dengan mitokondria
Disfungsi mitokondria dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan, termasuk gangguan neurologis dan kelemahan otot.
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
sitoplasma, zat sitoplasma
Metabolisme seluler, termasuk reaksi biokimia, terjadi di sitoplasma.
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
klorofil, pigmen hijau
Selama musim gugur, klorofil terurai pada tanaman gugur, mengungkap pigmen lain dan menyebabkan daun berubah warna.
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
membran, selaput
Membran luar bakteri membantu melindungi isinya.
a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts
jaringan, jaringan sel
Teknik kultur jaringan tanaman digunakan dalam pertanian untuk menyebarkan tanaman yang tahan penyakit.
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
Aparatus Golgi, Kompleks Golgi
Dalam sel saraf, aparatus Golgi berkontribusi pada pembentukan myelin, zat lemak yang melindungi serat saraf.
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
ribosom
Gerakan terkoordinasi ribosom sepanjang mRNA memastikan pembacaan informasi genetik yang akurat.
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
lisosom, kantung kecil berisi enzim
Lisosom memainkan peran penting dalam pemeliharaan seluler dengan mendegradasi komponen seluler yang rusak atau tidak berfungsi.
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
vakuola, vesikel
Vakuola dalam sel ragi menyimpan nutrisi, membantu kelangsungan hidup selama kekurangan nutrisi.
(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information
nukleus, inti sel
Di dalam nukleus, terdapat daerah padat yang disebut nukleolus, di mana RNA ribosom (rRNA) disintesis dan dirakit menjadi ribosom.
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
kloroplas, organel fotosintesis
Selain klorofil, kloroplas mengandung pigmen lain yang membantu menangkap berbagai panjang gelombang cahaya selama fotosintesis.
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
sitokerangka, rangka sel
Sitoskeleton terlibat dalam transportasi intraseluler, memandu vesikel dan organel ke tujuan mereka.
a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals
morfologi, studi ilmiah tentang bentuk dan struktur organisme
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
organel, organela
Aparatus Golgi, sebuah organel dengan membran bertumpuk, memodifikasi dan mengemas protein.
a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues
kambium, jaringan pembentuk
Sel-sel kambium berdiferensiasi menjadi xilem untuk transportasi air dan floem untuk transportasi nutrisi di seluruh tanaman.
