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ACT Science - Biokemi och cellstruktur

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till biokemi och cellstruktur, såsom "kärna", "lipid", "enzym" etc. som hjälper dig att klara dina ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
cellulose

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

cellulosa

cellulosa

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fructose

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

fruktos

fruktos

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glucose

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

glukos

glukos

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peptide

a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body

peptid

peptid

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carotenoid

a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity

karotenoid

karotenoid

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enzyme

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzym

enzym

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proteome

the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions

proteom

proteom

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nucleotide

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

nukleotid

nukleotid

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monosaccharide

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

monosackarid

monosackarid

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glutamate

a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

glutamat

glutamat

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antioxidant

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

antioxidant

antioxidant

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lipid

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipid

lipid

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mitochondrial

relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production

mitokondriell

mitokondriell

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cytoplasm

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

cytoplasma

cytoplasma

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chlorophyll

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

klorofyll

klorofyll

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membrane

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membran

membran

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tissue

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

vävnad

vävnad

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epithelium

a type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of organs and structures throughout the body, serving protective, absorptive, and secretory functions

epitel

epitel

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Golgi apparatus

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

Golgiapparaten

Golgiapparaten

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ribosome

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

ribosom

ribosom

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lysosome

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

lysosom

lysosom

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vacuole

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

vakuol

vakuol

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nucleus

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

kärna

kärna

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chloroplast

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

kloroplast

kloroplast

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cytoskeleton

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

cytoskelett

cytoskelett

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morphology

a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals

morfologi

morfologi

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intracellular

(biology) taking place inside one cell or more

intracellulär

intracellulär

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organelle

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

organel

organel

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cambium

a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues

kambium

kambium

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