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Науки ACT - Биохимия и клеточная структура

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с биохимией и клеточной структурой, такие как «ядро», «липид», «фермент» и т. д., которые помогут вам улучшить свои навыки ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
cellulose

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

целлюлоза

целлюлоза

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fructose

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

фруктоза

фруктоза

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glucose

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

глюкоза

глюкоза

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peptide

a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body

пептид

пептид

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carotenoid

a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity

каротиноид

каротиноид

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enzyme

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

фермент

фермент

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proteome

the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions

протеом

протеом

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nucleotide

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

нуклеотид

нуклеотид

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monosaccharide

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

мономер сахарид

мономер сахарид

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glutamate

a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

глутамат

глутамат

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antioxidant

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

антиоксидант

антиоксидант

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lipid

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

липид

липид

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mitochondrial

relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production

митохондриальный

митохондриальный

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cytoplasm

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

цитоплазма

цитоплазма

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chlorophyll

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

хлорофилл

хлорофилл

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membrane

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

мембрана

мембрана

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tissue

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

ткань

ткань

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epithelium

a type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of organs and structures throughout the body, serving protective, absorptive, and secretory functions

эпителий

эпителий

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Golgi apparatus

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

аппарат Гольджи

аппарат Гольджи

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ribosome

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

рибосома

рибосома

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lysosome

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

лизосома

лизосома

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vacuole

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

вакуоль

вакуоль

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nucleus

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

ядро

ядро

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chloroplast

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

хлоропласт

хлоропласт

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cytoskeleton

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

цитоскелет

цитоскелет

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morphology

a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals

морфология

морфология

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intracellular

(biology) taking place inside one cell or more

внутриклеточный

внутриклеточный

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organelle

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

органелла

органелла

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cambium

a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues

камбий

камбий

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