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Věda ACT - Biochemie a buněčná struktura

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s biochemií a buněčnou strukturou, jako je „nucleus“, „lipid“, „enzyme“ atd., která vám pomohou dosáhnout vašich ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
cellulose
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

celulóza, celulosa

celulóza, celulosa

Ex: The eco-friendly packaging material is made from cellulose fibers .
fructose
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

fruktóza, ovocný cukr

fruktóza, ovocný cukr

peptide
[Podstatné jméno]

a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body

peptid, peptidová řetězec

peptid, peptidová řetězec

carotenoid
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity

karotenoid, karotin

karotenoid, karotin

enzyme
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzym, enzymová látka

enzym, enzymová látka

proteome
[Podstatné jméno]

the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions

proteom, soubor proteinů

proteom, soubor proteinů

nucleotide
[Podstatné jméno]

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

nukleotid, nukleová jednotka

nukleotid, nukleová jednotka

monosaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

monosacharid, jednoduchý cukr

monosacharid, jednoduchý cukr

glutamate
[Podstatné jméno]

a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

glutamát, glutamová sůl

glutamát, glutamová sůl

antioxidant
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

antioxidant, protizánětlivá látka

antioxidant, protizánětlivá látka

Ex: The walnuts were a good source antioxidants, making them a heart-healthy snack option .
mitochondrial
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production

mitochondriální, mitochondriálního

mitochondriální, mitochondriálního

cytoplasm
[Podstatné jméno]

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

cytoplazma, cytoplasma

cytoplazma, cytoplasma

chlorophyll
[Podstatné jméno]

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

chlorofyl, zelené barvivo

chlorofyl, zelené barvivo

membrane
[Podstatné jméno]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrána, vrstva

membrána, vrstva

tissue
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tkáň, přenášená látka

tkáň, přenášená látka

Golgi apparatus
[Podstatné jméno]

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

Golgiho aparát, Golgiho těleso

Golgiho aparát, Golgiho těleso

ribosome
[Podstatné jméno]

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

ribozom, ribozóm

ribozom, ribozóm

lysosome
[Podstatné jméno]

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

lyzozom, lyzozom

lyzozom, lyzozom

vacuole
[Podstatné jméno]

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

vakuola, vakuoly

vakuola, vakuoly

nucleus
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

jádro, nukleus

jádro, nukleus

chloroplast
[Podstatné jméno]

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

chloroplast, chloroplastida

chloroplast, chloroplastida

cytoskeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

cytoskelet, cytokelet

cytoskelet, cytokelet

organelle
[Podstatné jméno]

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

organela, specializovaná buněčná struktura

organela, specializovaná buněčná struktura

cambium
[Podstatné jméno]

a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues

kambiová vrstva, vaskulární kambium

kambiová vrstva, vaskulární kambium

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