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قانون العمل - الكيمياء الحيوية وبنية الخلية

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بالكيمياء الحيوية وبنية الخلية، مثل "nucleus"، و"lipid"، و"enzyme"، وما إلى ذلك، والتي ستساعدك على إتقان ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
cellulose

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

سليلوز

سليلوز

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fructose

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

فركتوز

فركتوز

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glucose

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

جلوكوز

جلوكوز

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peptide

a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body

ببتيد

ببتيد

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carotenoid

a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity

كاروتينويد

كاروتينويد

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enzyme

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

إنزيم

إنزيم

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proteome

the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions

بروتينوم

بروتينوم

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nucleotide

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

نيوكليوتيد

نيوكليوتيد

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monosaccharide

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

سكر أحادي

سكر أحادي

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glutamate

a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

غلوتمات

غلوتمات

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antioxidant

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

مضاد للأكسدة

مضاد للأكسدة

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lipid

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

دهون

دهون

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mitochondrial

relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production

الميتوكوندري

الميتوكوندري

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cytoplasm

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

السيتوبلازم

السيتوبلازم

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chlorophyll

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

كلوروفيل

كلوروفيل

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membrane

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

غشاء

غشاء

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tissue

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

نسيج

نسيج

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epithelium

a type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of organs and structures throughout the body, serving protective, absorptive, and secretory functions

الظهارة

الظهارة

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Golgi apparatus

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

جهاز جولجي

جهاز جولجي

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ribosome

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

الريبوسوم

الريبوسوم

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lysosome

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

الليزوزوم

الليزوزوم

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vacuole

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

فجوة

فجوة

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nucleus

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

النواة

النواة

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chloroplast

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

كلوروبلاست

كلوروبلاست

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cytoskeleton

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

هيكل خلوي

هيكل خلوي

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morphology

a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals

علم الشكل

علم الشكل

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intracellular

(biology) taking place inside one cell or more

داخل الخلية

داخل الخلية

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organelle

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

عضية

عضية

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cambium

a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues

الكامبيوم

الكامبيوم

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