Természettudományok ACT - Biokémia és sejtszerkezet

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

cellulóz

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

fruktóz, gyümölcscukor

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

glükóz

a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body

peptid

a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity

karotinoid, karotin pigment

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzim, katalizátor

the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions

proteom

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

nukleotid

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

monoszacharid

a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

glutamát, nátrium-glutamát

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

antioxidáns, antioxidáns anyag

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipidek, zsírsav-észterek

relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production

mitokondriális, mitokondriumra vonatkozó

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

citoplazma, citoplazma

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

klorofill

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrán

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

szövet, izmok szövete

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

Golgi-apparátus, Golgi-komplex

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

riboszóma

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

lizoszóma

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

vakuólum

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

sejtmag

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

kloroplaszt

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

citóváz

a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals

morfológia

(biology) taking place inside one cell or more

intracelluláris

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

sejtalkotó

a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues

kambium, vaskuláris kambium