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ACT 科学 - 生化学と細胞構造

ここでは、ACT のエースに役立つ「核」、「脂質」、「酵素」など、生化学や細胞構造に関連する英単語を学びます。

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
cellulose

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

セルロース

セルロース

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[名詞]
fructose

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

フルクトース

フルクトース

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[名詞]
glucose

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

グルコース

グルコース

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[名詞]
peptide

a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body

ペプチド

ペプチド

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[名詞]
carotenoid

a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity

カロテノイド

カロテノイド

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[名詞]
enzyme

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

酵素

酵素

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[名詞]
proteome

the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions

プロテオーム

プロテオーム

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[名詞]
nucleotide

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

ヌクレオチド

ヌクレオチド

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[名詞]
monosaccharide

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

単糖類

単糖類

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[名詞]
glutamate

a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

グルタミン酸塩

グルタミン酸塩

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[名詞]
antioxidant

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

抗酸化物質

抗酸化物質

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[名詞]
lipid

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

リピッド

リピッド

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[名詞]
mitochondrial

relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production

ミトコンドリアの

ミトコンドリアの

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[形容詞]
cytoplasm

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

細胞質

細胞質

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[名詞]
chlorophyll

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

クロロフィル

クロロフィル

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[名詞]
membrane

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

膜

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[名詞]
tissue

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

組織

組織

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[名詞]
epithelium

a type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of organs and structures throughout the body, serving protective, absorptive, and secretory functions

上皮

上皮

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[名詞]
Golgi apparatus

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

ゴルジ体

ゴルジ体

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[名詞]
ribosome

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

リボソーム

リボソーム

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[名詞]
lysosome

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

リソソーム

リソソーム

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[名詞]
vacuole

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

液胞

液胞

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[名詞]
nucleus

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

核

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[名詞]
chloroplast

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

クロロプラスト

クロロプラスト

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[名詞]
cytoskeleton

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

細胞骨格

細胞骨格

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[名詞]
morphology

a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals

形態学

形態学

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[名詞]
intracellular

(biology) taking place inside one cell or more

細胞内の

細胞内の

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[形容詞]
organelle

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

オルガネラ

オルガネラ

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[名詞]
cambium

a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues

Cambium

Cambium

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[名詞]
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