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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア8-9) - 病気と症状

ここでは、Academic IELTS試験に必要な病気と症状に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
palpitation
[名詞]

a heart beat that is very irregular or too fast

動悸, 不規則な心拍

動悸, 不規則な心拍

Ex: She kept a diary to track her palpitations, noting any triggers or patterns that might help identify the cause .彼女は**動悸**を追跡するために日記をつけ、原因を特定するのに役立つ可能性のあるトリガーやパターンを記録しました。
eczema
[名詞]

a very common skin condition that causes one's skin to become dry, red, itchy, and bumpy

湿疹

湿疹

pneumonia
[名詞]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

肺炎, 肺感染症

肺炎, 肺感染症

Ex: Vaccination against common pathogens , such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus , can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted .肺炎球菌やインフルエンザウイルスなどの一般的な病原体に対するワクチン接種は、**肺炎**を予防し、感染した場合の重症度を軽減するのに役立ちます。
frostbite
[名詞]

a serious injury resulting from excessive exposure to severely cold weather or things, causing the freezing of the nose, toes, fingers, etc.

凍傷, 霜焼け

凍傷, 霜焼け

Ex: The doctor explained how to recognize the signs of frostbite to avoid serious injury .医者は深刻な怪我を避けるために**凍傷**の兆候を認識する方法を説明しました。
catarrh
[名詞]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

カタル, 鼻風邪

カタル, 鼻風邪

Ex: During the winter months , many people experience catarrh due to the increased prevalence of respiratory infections .冬の間、多くの人々が呼吸器感染症の増加により**カタル**を経験します。
malaise
[名詞]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

不快感

不快感

Ex: After recovering from the flu , he experienced lingering malaise, making it difficult to return to his normal routine .インフルエンザから回復した後、彼は長引く**倦怠感**を経験し、通常の日常に戻ることが難しくなりました。
contagion
[名詞]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

伝染病, 感染

伝染病, 感染

Ex: Despite their efforts , the contagion spread rapidly , leading to a significant increase in hospital admissions .彼らの努力にもかかわらず、**伝染病**は急速に広がり、入院者数の大幅な増加につながりました。
malady
[名詞]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

病気, 疾患

病気, 疾患

Ex: The medieval village was plagued by a malady that spread rapidly , causing widespread illness and death .中世の村は急速に広がり、広範囲にわたる病気と死を引き起こした**病気**に悩まされていました。
congestion
[名詞]

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

充血, 腫れ

充血, 腫れ

Ex: During allergy season , many people experience congestion due to increased pollen in the air .アレルギーシーズンには、空気中の花粉が増加するため、多くの人が**充血**を経験します。
lesion
[名詞]

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

病変

病変

Ex: The athlete visited the sports medicine specialist for an evaluation of a knee lesion sustained during training .その選手は、トレーニング中に膝に負った**病変**の評価のためにスポーツ医学の専門家を訪れた。
ulcer
[名詞]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

潰瘍, 傷

潰瘍, 傷

Ex: The endoscopy revealed an ulcer in the lining of his esophagus , which explained the persistent burning sensation he felt .内視鏡検査により、彼の食道の内壁に**潰瘍**が見つかり、彼が感じていた持続する灼熱感を説明しました。
pathogen
[名詞]

any organism that can cause diseases

病原体, 病原菌

病原体, 病原菌

Ex: The pathogen responsible for malaria is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito .マラリアの原因となる**病原体**は、感染した蚊に刺されることで人間に伝染します。

a mild state of being unwell, often leading to a temporary inability to perform one's usual activities

不快感, 体調不良

不快感, 体調不良

Ex: The athlete decided to withdraw from the competition due to an unexpected indisposition affecting their performance .その選手は、パフォーマンスに影響を与える予期せぬ**体調不良**のため、競技から撤退することを決めた。
bout
[名詞]

a short period during which someone is suffering from an illness

発作, エピソード

発作, エピソード

Ex: A sudden bout of vertigo caused her to feel dizzy and disoriented , prompting her to sit down and rest .突然の**めまいの発作**で彼女はめまいと混乱を感じ、座って休むことになった。
patient zero
[名詞]

the first person known to have a certain disease, often seen as the starting point of an outbreak

患者ゼロ, 最初の症例

患者ゼロ, 最初の症例

Ex: By identifying patient zero early , authorities can implement effective containment measures to control the spread of the disease .**患者ゼロ**を早期に特定することで、当局は病気の蔓延を制御するための効果的な封じ込め対策を実施できます。
IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア8-9)
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