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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア8-9) - 病気と症状

ここでは、Academic IELTS試験に必要な病気と症状に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
palpitation
palpitation
[名詞]

a heart beat that is very irregular or too fast

動悸, 不規則な心拍

動悸, 不規則な心拍

Ex: She experienced a sudden palpitation while climbing the stairs, causing her to pause and catch her breath. 

彼女は階段を上っているときに突然動悸を感じ、立ち止まって息を整えなければならなかった。

eczema
eczema
[名詞]

a very common skin condition that causes one's skin to become dry, red, itchy, and bumpy

湿疹

湿疹

pneumonia
pneumonia
[名詞]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

肺炎, 肺感染症

肺炎, 肺感染症

Ex: After recovering from pneumonia, he followed his doctor's advice to get plenty of rest and stay hydrated. 

肺炎から回復した後、彼は医師のアドバイスに従って十分に休息を取り、水分を補給しました。

frostbite
frostbite
[名詞]

a serious injury resulting from excessive exposure to severely cold weather or things, causing the freezing of the nose, toes, fingers, etc.

凍傷, 霜焼け

凍傷, 霜焼け

Ex: She developed frostbite on her fingers after being outside in the freezing weather for too long. 

彼女は凍えるような天候の中、外に長時間いた後、指に凍傷を負いました。

catarrh
catarrh
[名詞]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

カタル, 鼻風邪

カタル, 鼻風邪

Ex: She suffered from persistent catarrh, experiencing a constant runny nose and throat irritation. 

彼女は持続性のカタルに苦しみ、常に鼻水と喉の刺激を経験していました。

malaise
malaise
[名詞]

a feeling of being physically ill and irritated without knowing the reason

不快感

不快感

Ex: Claire's vague malaise of discomfort and unease prompted several visits to specialists. 

クレアの漠然とした不快感、不安や不快感は、専門家への数回の訪問を促しました。

contagion
contagion
[名詞]

any disease or virus that can be easily passed from one person to another

伝染病, 感染

伝染病, 感染

Ex: The health department took swift action to contain the contagion and prevent the outbreak from spreading further. 

保健所は伝染病を封じ込め、発生のさらなる拡大を防ぐために迅速な行動をとりました。

malady
malady
[名詞]

any physical problem that might put one's health in danger

病気, 疾患

病気, 疾患

Ex: Doctors were unable to determine the underlying malady that caused his fatigue and weakness. 

医師たちは、彼の疲労と弱さを引き起こした根本的な病気を特定できませんでした。

congestion
congestion
[名詞]

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

充血, 腫れ

充血, 腫れ

Ex: Nasal congestion made it difficult for him to breathe comfortably, especially at night. 

鼻の充血により、特に夜間に快適に呼吸することが難しくなりました。

lesion
lesion
[名詞]

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

病変, 損傷

病変, 損傷

Ex: The patient had a small lesion on his forearm. 

患者の前腕に小さな損傷がありました。

ulcer
ulcer
[名詞]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

潰瘍, 傷

潰瘍, 傷

Ex: The doctor diagnosed her with a peptic ulcer, which was causing severe abdominal pain and discomfort. 

医者は彼女を胃潰瘍と診断し、それが激しい腹痛と不快感を引き起こしていました。

pathogen
pathogen
[名詞]

any organism that can cause diseases

病原体, 病原菌

病原体, 病原菌

Ex: The laboratory tests confirmed the presence of a bacterial pathogen responsible for the patient's severe food poisoning. 

検査室のテストは、患者の重度の食中毒の原因となる細菌性病原体の存在を確認しました。

indisposition

a mild state of being unwell, often leading to a temporary inability to perform one's usual activities

不快感, 体調不良

不快感, 体調不良

Ex: Despite his indisposition, the employee made an effort to attend the important business meeting. 

体調不良にもかかわらず、その従業員は重要なビジネス会議に出席する努力をしました。

bout
bout
[名詞]

a short period during which someone is suffering from an illness

発作, エピソード

発作, エピソード

Ex: After a severe bout of flu, he needed a week of rest to fully recover his strength and energy. 

ひどい風邪の発作の後、彼は体力とエネルギーを完全に回復するために1週間の休息が必要でした。

patient zero
patient zero
[名詞]

the first person known to have a certain disease, often seen as the starting point of an outbreak

患者ゼロ, 最初の症例

患者ゼロ, 最初の症例

Ex: Identifying patient zero is crucial for understanding how an outbreak began. 

アウトブレイクがどのように始まったかを理解するには、患者ゼロを特定することが重要です。

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