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Matematyka i Logika SAT - Arytmetyka i Statystyka

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z arytmetyką i statystyką, takich jak "podzielny", "zakres", "mediana" itp., które będą Ci potrzebne do zdania egzaminów SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
mixed number
mixed number
[Rzeczownik]

a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction

liczba mieszana, ułamek mieszany

liczba mieszana, ułamek mieszany

Ex: When working with measurements, such as lengths or amounts, we often encounter mixed numbers instead of whole numbers. 
prime number
prime number
[Rzeczownik]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

liczba pierwsza

liczba pierwsza

Ex: 7 is a prime number because its only divisors are 1 and 7. 
rational number
rational number
[Rzeczownik]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

liczba wymierna, ułamek wymierny

liczba wymierna, ułamek wymierny

Ex: 3/4 is a rational number because it can be written as a fraction of two integers. 
irrational number
irrational number
[Rzeczownik]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

liczba niewymierna, liczba nieproporcjonalna

liczba niewymierna, liczba nieproporcjonalna

Ex: The square root of 2 is an irrational number. 
complex number
complex number
[Rzeczownik]

a number that has both a real part and a part involving a unit that, when squared, gives a negative result

liczba zespolona, zespolona

liczba zespolona, zespolona

Ex: Multiplying a complex number by its conjugate results in a real number. 
real number
real number
[Rzeczownik]

any number that can be found on the number line, including both positive and negative numbers, zero, and fractions

liczba rzeczywista, rzeczywista

liczba rzeczywista, rzeczywista

Ex: The number 5 is a real number because it can be located on the number line. 
whole number
whole number
[Rzeczownik]

any positive number without fractions or decimals, including zero

liczba całkowita, liczba naturalna

liczba całkowita, liczba naturalna

Ex: The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on are all whole numbers. 
integer
integer
[Rzeczownik]

any number without fractions or decimals, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero

liczba całkowita

liczba całkowita

Ex: The numbers -3, 0, and 7 are all integers. 
fraction
fraction
[Rzeczownik]

a number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b

ułamek, ułamek zwykły

ułamek, ułamek zwykły

Ex: One-half (1/2) is a simple fraction. 
decimal
decimal
[Rzeczownik]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

dziesiętny, liczba dziesiętna

dziesiętny, liczba dziesiętna

Ex: In mathematics, decimals are a way to represent fractions or portions of a whole using a decimal point. 
improper fraction
improper fraction
[Rzeczownik]

a fraction where the the top number is greater than or equal to the equal to the bottom number

ułamek niewłaściwy

ułamek niewłaściwy

Ex: To compare improper fractions, you can convert them to decimal form. 
mean
mean
[Rzeczownik]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

średnia, średnia arytmetyczna

średnia, średnia arytmetyczna

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
divisible
divisible
[przymiotnik]

having the quality of being divided, especially by a number

podzielny

podzielny

root
root
[Rzeczownik]

a value that, when multiplied by itself a specified number of times, results in the given number

pierwiastek, radykał

pierwiastek, radykał

Ex: The square root of 16 is 4. 
range
range
[Rzeczownik]

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers

zakres, rozpiętość

zakres, rozpiętość

Ex: The range of exam scores in the class was 40 points, from a low of 55 to a high of 95. 
square
square
[Rzeczownik]

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

kwadrat, druga potęga

kwadrat, druga potęga

average
average
[przymiotnik]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

średni

średni

Ex: His average score in math class is 85%. 
solution
solution
[Rzeczownik]

a correct answer to a problem in mathematics or a puzzle

rozwiązanie, odpowiedź

rozwiązanie, odpowiedź

Ex: After careful analysis, she found the solution to the complex algebraic equation. 
product
product
[Rzeczownik]

the result of multiplying two or more numbers or quantities together

iloczyn, wynik mnożenia

iloczyn, wynik mnożenia

Ex: The product of 3 and 4 is 12. 
quotient
quotient
[Rzeczownik]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

iloraz

iloraz

Ex: In the division problem 12 ÷ 4, the quotient is 3. 
factor
factor
[Rzeczownik]

(mathematics) one of the numbers that another number can be divided by

czynnik

czynnik

Ex: A factor of a number divides it evenly without leaving a remainder. 
value
value
[Rzeczownik]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

wartość, ilość

wartość, ilość

Ex: In algebra, variables represent unknown values that can be determined through equations. 
inequality
inequality
[Rzeczownik]

a statement that compares two quantities, expressions, or values and indicates their relative sizes

nierówność

nierówność

Ex: The inequality x>5 represents all real numbers greater than 5. 
equation
equation
[Rzeczownik]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

równanie

równanie

Ex: In algebra, solving equations involves finding the values of variables that satisfy the equality stated. 
minimum
minimum
[Rzeczownik]

the lowest amount, degree, or extent there is or is possible, allowed or required

minimum, najniższy

minimum, najniższy

Ex: We need to keep disruptions to a minimum during the construction process. 
exponential
exponential
[Rzeczownik]

a mathematical expression where a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times determined by a variable

wykładnicza, funkcja wykładnicza

wykładnicza, funkcja wykładnicza

Ex: In population studies, the growth can often be modeled by an exponential. 
linear
linear
[przymiotnik]

related to equations that create straight lines when graphed, indicating a constant rate of change

liniowy

liniowy

Ex: In this math problem, we need to solve a set of linear equations to find the values of x and y. 
common ratio
common ratio
[Rzeczownik]

the constant ratio between consecutive terms

wspólny stosunek, stały stosunek

wspólny stosunek, stały stosunek

Ex: In the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ..., the common ratio between consecutive terms is r=3. 
common multiple
common multiple
[Rzeczownik]

a number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers

wspólna wielokrotność, wspólny mnożnik

wspólna wielokrotność, wspólny mnożnik

Ex: The smallest common multiple of 4 and 5 is 20. 
common factor
common factor
[Rzeczownik]

a number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder

wspólny czynnik, wspólny dzielnik

wspólny czynnik, wspólny dzielnik

Ex: The common factors of 12 and 18 include 1, 2, 3, and 6. 
common denominator
common denominator
[Rzeczownik]

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

wspólny mianownik, mianownik wspólny

wspólny mianownik, mianownik wspólny

least common denominator

the smallest positive integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

najmniejszy wspólny mianownik, najmniejszy mianownik wspólny

najmniejszy wspólny mianownik, najmniejszy mianownik wspólny

Ex: Finding the least common denominator is a crucial step in solving problems that involve multiple fractions. 
probability
probability
[Rzeczownik]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

prawdopodobieństwo

prawdopodobieństwo

Ex: The probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one-sixth. 
to estimate
to estimate
[Czasownik]

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

oszacować, ocenić

oszacować, ocenić

Ex: I estimate that there are about 100 people at the party. 
arithmetic sequence

a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant

ciąg arytmetyczny, sekwencja arytmetyczna

ciąg arytmetyczny, sekwencja arytmetyczna

Ex: In the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ..., each term increases by 3, which is the common difference. 
frequency
frequency
[Rzeczownik]

the number of times a particular event occurs within a specific period or among a set of observations

częstotliwość

częstotliwość

Ex: The frequency of heads in 100 coin flips was 52. 
distribution
distribution
[Rzeczownik]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

rozkład, dystrybucja

rozkład, dystrybucja

Ex: The histogram shows the distribution of exam scores. 
median
median
[Rzeczownik]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

mediana, wartość środkowa

mediana, wartość środkowa

Ex: In the set {2, 5, 8, 10, 12}, the median is 8, as it is the middle value when arranged in ascending order. 
mode
mode
[Rzeczownik]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

moda, wartość modalna

moda, wartość modalna

bimodal
bimodal
[przymiotnik]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

bimodalny, z dwoma modami

bimodalny, z dwoma modami

Ex: The bimodal distribution of exam scores indicated two groups of students with different performance levels. 
standard deviation
standard deviation
[Rzeczownik]

a measure of how much the values in a set typically differ from the average

odchylenie standardowe, odchylenie typowe

odchylenie standardowe, odchylenie typowe

Ex: A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are close to the mean. 
margin of error
margin of error
[Rzeczownik]

the range within which the true value is expected to fall, accounting for potential inaccuracies in measurement or sampling

margines błędu, zakres błędu

margines błędu, zakres błędu

Ex: The poll results have a margin of error of ±3%, indicating the possible range of true public opinion. 
random
random
[przymiotnik]

occurring in such a way that each possible outcome has a certain probability of occurring, but the specific outcome cannot be predicted with certainty

losowy, przypadkowy

losowy, przypadkowy

Ex: A random sample is selected from the population in such a way that each member has an equal chance of being chosen. 
trend line
trend line
[Rzeczownik]

a straight line drawn through a set of data points on a graph to represent the general direction or pattern of the data

linia trendu, linia tendencji

linia trendu, linia tendencji

Ex: The trend line on the stock chart indicates a steady increase in prices over the past year. 
dot plot
dot plot
[Rzeczownik]

a type of statistical chart consisting of dots that represent individual data points

wykres punktowy, diagram punktowy

wykres punktowy, diagram punktowy

Ex: The teacher used a dot plot to show the distribution of test scores in the class. 
linear model
linear model
[Rzeczownik]

a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between two or more variables using a linear equation

model liniowy, model regresji liniowej

model liniowy, model regresji liniowej

Ex: The linear model y=2x+3 suggests that for every unit increase in x, y increases by 2. 
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