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Matematică și Logică SAT - Aritmetică și Statistică

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de aritmetică și statistică, cum ar fi "divizibil", "interval", "mediană", etc., de care vei avea nevoie pentru a trece de SAT-urile tale.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
mixed number
mixed number
[substantiv]

a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction

număr mixt, fracție mixtă

număr mixt, fracție mixtă

Ex: When working with measurements, such as lengths or amounts, we often encounter mixed numbers instead of whole numbers. 
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prime number
prime number
[substantiv]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

număr prim

număr prim

Ex: 7 is a prime number because its only divisors are 1 and 7. 
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rational number
rational number
[substantiv]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

număr rațional, fracție rațională

număr rațional, fracție rațională

Ex: 3/4 is a rational number because it can be written as a fraction of two integers. 
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irrational number
irrational number
[substantiv]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

număr irațional, număr incomensurabil

număr irațional, număr incomensurabil

Ex: The square root of 2 is an irrational number. 
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complex number
complex number
[substantiv]

a number that has both a real part and a part involving a unit that, when squared, gives a negative result

număr complex, complex

număr complex, complex

Ex: Multiplying a complex number by its conjugate results in a real number. 
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real number
real number
[substantiv]

any number that can be found on the number line, including both positive and negative numbers, zero, and fractions

număr real, real

număr real, real

Ex: The number 5 is a real number because it can be located on the number line. 
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whole number
whole number
[substantiv]

any positive number without fractions or decimals, including zero

număr întreg, număr natural

număr întreg, număr natural

Ex: The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on are all whole numbers. 
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integer
integer
[substantiv]

any number without fractions or decimals, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero

număr întreg

număr întreg

Ex: The numbers -3, 0, and 7 are all integers. 
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fraction
fraction
[substantiv]

a number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b

fracție, fracție ordinară

fracție, fracție ordinară

Ex: One-half (1/2) is a simple fraction. 
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decimal
decimal
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

zecimal, număr zecimal

zecimal, număr zecimal

Ex: In mathematics, decimals are a way to represent fractions or portions of a whole using a decimal point. 
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improper fraction
improper fraction
[substantiv]

a fraction where the the top number is greater than or equal to the equal to the bottom number

fracție improprie

fracție improprie

Ex: To compare improper fractions, you can convert them to decimal form. 
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mean
mean
[substantiv]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

medie, medie aritmetică

medie, medie aritmetică

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
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divisible
divisible
[adjectiv]

having the quality of being divided, especially by a number

divizibil

divizibil

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root
root
[substantiv]

a value that, when multiplied by itself a specified number of times, results in the given number

rădăcină, radical

rădăcină, radical

Ex: The square root of 16 is 4. 
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range
range
[substantiv]

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers

interval, amplitudine

interval, amplitudine

Ex: The range of exam scores in the class was 40 points, from a low of 55 to a high of 95. 
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square
square
[substantiv]

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

pătrat, puterea a doua

pătrat, puterea a doua

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average
average
[adjectiv]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

mediu

mediu

Ex: His average score in math class is 85%. 
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solution
solution
[substantiv]

a correct answer to a problem in mathematics or a puzzle

soluție, răspuns

soluție, răspuns

Ex: After careful analysis, she found the solution to the complex algebraic equation. 
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product
product
[substantiv]

the result of multiplying two or more numbers or quantities together

produs, rezultatul înmulțirii

produs, rezultatul înmulțirii

Ex: The product of 3 and 4 is 12. 
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quotient
quotient
[substantiv]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

cât

cât

Ex: In the division problem 12 ÷ 4, the quotient is 3. 
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factor
factor
[substantiv]

(mathematics) one of the numbers that another number can be divided by

factor

factor

Ex: A factor of a number divides it evenly without leaving a remainder. 
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value
value
[substantiv]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

valoare, cantitate

valoare, cantitate

Ex: In algebra, variables represent unknown values that can be determined through equations. 
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inequality
inequality
[substantiv]

a statement that compares two quantities, expressions, or values and indicates their relative sizes

inegalitate

inegalitate

Ex: The inequality x>5 represents all real numbers greater than 5. 
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equation
equation
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

ecuație

ecuație

Ex: In algebra, solving equations involves finding the values of variables that satisfy the equality stated. 
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minimum
minimum
[substantiv]

the lowest amount, degree, or extent there is or is possible, allowed or required

minimum, cel mai mic

minimum, cel mai mic

Ex: We need to keep disruptions to a minimum during the construction process. 
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exponential
exponential
[substantiv]

a mathematical expression where a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times determined by a variable

exponențială, funcție exponențială

exponențială, funcție exponențială

Ex: In population studies, the growth can often be modeled by an exponential. 
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linear
linear
[adjectiv]

related to equations that create straight lines when graphed, indicating a constant rate of change

liniar

liniar

Ex: In this math problem, we need to solve a set of linear equations to find the values of x and y. 
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common ratio
common ratio
[substantiv]

the constant ratio between consecutive terms

rație comună, raport constant

rație comună, raport constant

Ex: In the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, ..., the common ratio between consecutive terms is r=3. 
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common multiple
common multiple
[substantiv]

a number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers

multiplu comun, comun multiplu

multiplu comun, comun multiplu

Ex: The smallest common multiple of 4 and 5 is 20. 
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common factor
common factor
[substantiv]

a number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder

factor comun, divizor comun

factor comun, divizor comun

Ex: The common factors of 12 and 18 include 1, 2, 3, and 6. 
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common denominator
common denominator
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

numitor comun, comun numitor

numitor comun, comun numitor

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least common denominator

the smallest positive integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

cel mai mic numitor comun, numitorul comun cel mai mic

cel mai mic numitor comun, numitorul comun cel mai mic

Ex: Finding the least common denominator is a crucial step in solving problems that involve multiple fractions. 
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probability
probability
[substantiv]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

probabilitate

probabilitate

Ex: The probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one-sixth. 
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to estimate

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

estima, evalua

estima, evalua

Ex: I estimate that there are about 100 people at the party. 
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arithmetic sequence

a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant

secvență aritmetică, progresie aritmetică

secvență aritmetică, progresie aritmetică

Ex: In the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ..., each term increases by 3, which is the common difference. 
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frequency
frequency
[substantiv]

the number of times a particular event occurs within a specific period or among a set of observations

frecvență

frecvență

Ex: The frequency of heads in 100 coin flips was 52. 
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distribution
distribution
[substantiv]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

distribuție, repartizare

distribuție, repartizare

Ex: The histogram shows the distribution of exam scores. 
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median
median
[substantiv]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

mediană, valoare mediană

mediană, valoare mediană

Ex: In the set {2, 5, 8, 10, 12}, the median is 8, as it is the middle value when arranged in ascending order. 
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mode
mode
[substantiv]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

mod, valoare modală

mod, valoare modală

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bimodal
bimodal
[adjectiv]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

bimodal, cu două moduri

bimodal, cu două moduri

Ex: The bimodal distribution of exam scores indicated two groups of students with different performance levels. 
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standard deviation
standard deviation
[substantiv]

a measure of how much the values in a set typically differ from the average

deviație standard, abatere standard

deviație standard, abatere standard

Ex: A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are close to the mean. 
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margin of error
margin of error
[substantiv]

the range within which the true value is expected to fall, accounting for potential inaccuracies in measurement or sampling

marja de eroare, interval de eroare

marja de eroare, interval de eroare

Ex: The poll results have a margin of error of ±3%, indicating the possible range of true public opinion. 
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random
random
[adjectiv]

occurring in such a way that each possible outcome has a certain probability of occurring, but the specific outcome cannot be predicted with certainty

aleatoriu, întâmplător

aleatoriu, întâmplător

Ex: A random sample is selected from the population in such a way that each member has an equal chance of being chosen. 
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trend line
trend line
[substantiv]

a straight line drawn through a set of data points on a graph to represent the general direction or pattern of the data

linie de trend, linie de tendință

linie de trend, linie de tendință

Ex: The trend line on the stock chart indicates a steady increase in prices over the past year. 
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dot plot
dot plot
[substantiv]

a type of statistical chart consisting of dots that represent individual data points

diagramă cu puncte, grafic cu puncte

diagramă cu puncte, grafic cu puncte

Ex: The teacher used a dot plot to show the distribution of test scores in the class. 
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linear model
linear model
[substantiv]

a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between two or more variables using a linear equation

model liniar, model de regresie liniară

model liniar, model de regresie liniară

Ex: The linear model y=2x+3 suggests that for every unit increase in x, y increases by 2. 
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