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Matemáticas y Lógica SAT - Aritmética y Estadística

Aquí aprenderá algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la aritmética y la estadística, como "divisible", "rango", "mediana", etc., que necesitará para aprobar sus exámenes SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
mixed number
[Sustantivo]

a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction

número mixto, número combinado

número mixto, número combinado

Ex: When mixed numbers, we can convert them to improper fractions and then compare the resulting fractions .
prime number
[Sustantivo]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

número primo

número primo

rational number
[Sustantivo]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

número racional

número racional

Ex: 7/8 is rational number because it can be expressed as the fraction of two integers .
irrational number
[Sustantivo]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

número irracional

número irracional

Ex: The square root of 3 is irrational number because it can not be written as a fraction .
complex number
[Sustantivo]

a number that has both a real part and a part involving a unit that, when squared, gives a negative result

número complejo, número imaginario

número complejo, número imaginario

Ex: Graphicallycomplex numbers can be represented on the complex plane with the x-axis as the real part and the y-axis as the imaginary part .
real number
[Sustantivo]

any number that can be found on the number line, including both positive and negative numbers, zero, and fractions

número real, real

número real, real

Ex: Every point on the number line corresponds to real number.
whole number
[Sustantivo]

any positive number without fractions or decimals, including zero

número entero, número natural

número entero, número natural

Ex: The sum of any two whole numbers is always whole number.
integer
[Sustantivo]

any number without fractions or decimals, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero

entero, número entero

entero, número entero

Ex: Multiplying two integers together will always yield integer.
fraction
[Sustantivo]

a part of a whole number, such as ½

fracción, quebrado

fracción, quebrado

Ex: fractions is important in elementary math .
decimal
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

decimal

decimal

Ex: Understanding decimal places is essential when dealing with percentages and financial figures in business contexts.
improper fraction
[Sustantivo]

a fraction where the the top number is greater than or equal to the equal to the bottom number

fracción impropia, fracción no propia

fracción impropia, fracción no propia

Ex: improper fraction can be expressed as a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction .
mean
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

medio

medio

Ex: mean of the test results was used to assess overall student achievement .
divisible
[Adjetivo]

having the quality of being divided, especially by a number

divisible

divisible

root
[Sustantivo]

a value that, when multiplied by itself a specified number of times, results in the given number

raíz cuadrada, raíz

raíz cuadrada, raíz

Ex: Finding the cube root of 27 involves determining the number that, when multiplied by itself three times, equals 27.
range
[Sustantivo]

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers

rango, diferencia

rango, diferencia

Ex: range of the dataset { 5 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 22 } is 17 .
square
[Sustantivo]

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

cuadrado

cuadrado

average
[Adjetivo]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

medio, promedio

medio, promedio

Ex: average number of hours worked per week was 40 .
solution
[Sustantivo]

a correct answer to a problem in mathematics or a puzzle

solución

solución

Ex: The mathematician 's groundbreaking research led to the discovery of solution to a long-standing mathematical problem .
product
[Sustantivo]

the result of multiplying two or more numbers or quantities together

producto, resultado

producto, resultado

Ex: Understanding how to calculate product of numbers is a fundamental math skill .
quotient
[Sustantivo]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

cociente, resultado de la división

cociente, resultado de la división

Ex: quotient of 50 and 10 is 5 , reflecting the result of their division .
factor
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) one of the numbers that another number can be divided by

factor

factor

Ex: factor pairs of a number involves listing pairs of integers whose product equals that number .
value
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

valor

valor

Ex: The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero on a number line, represented by |x| for a given number x.
inequality
[Sustantivo]

a statement that compares two quantities, expressions, or values and indicates their relative sizes

desigualdad, injusticia

desigualdad, injusticia

Ex: In calculusinequalities are used to express conditions for the convergence or divergence of series and sequences .
equation
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

ecuación

ecuación

Ex: Economists analyze supply and equations to forecast market trends and price changes .
minimum
[Sustantivo]

the lowest amount, degree, or extent there is or is possible, allowed or required

mínimo

mínimo

Ex: The hotel charges a minimum stay of two nights during the holiday season.
exponential
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical expression where a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times determined by a variable

exponencial, expresión exponencial

exponencial, expresión exponencial

Ex: When modeling the spread of a virus , researchers often exponentials.
linear
[Adjetivo]

related to equations that create straight lines when graphed, indicating a constant rate of change

lineal

lineal

Ex: Linear functions are a fundamental concept in high school mathematics, crucial for understanding more complex topics.
common ratio
[Sustantivo]

the constant ratio between consecutive terms

razón común, razón constante

razón común, razón constante

Ex: When studying exponential functions in algebra , students learn to identify common ratio in geometric sequences .
common multiple
[Sustantivo]

a number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers

mínimo común múltiplo, común múltiplo

mínimo común múltiplo, común múltiplo

Ex: The concept common multiples is essential for adding and subtracting fractions .
common factor
[Sustantivo]

a number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder

factor común, divisor común

factor común, divisor común

Ex: common factors is crucial in reducing fractions to their simplest form .
common denominator
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

común denominador

común denominador

the smallest positive integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

mínimo común denominador, denominador común más bajo

mínimo común denominador, denominador común más bajo

Ex: least common denominator of the fractions 2/3 and 5/9 is 9 , allowing us to add them easily .
probability
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

probabilidad

probabilidad

Ex: probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one out of six .

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

estimar

estimar

Ex: We need estimate the total expenses for the event before planning the budget .

a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant

sucesión aritmética, progresión aritmética

sucesión aritmética, progresión aritmética

Ex: Arithmetic sequences are fundamental in mathematics and have applications in various fields .
frequency
[Sustantivo]

the number of times a particular event occurs within a specific period or among a set of observations

frecuencia, frecuencia de eventos

frecuencia, frecuencia de eventos

Ex: frequency of heads in 100 coin flips was 52 .
distribution
[Sustantivo]

(statistics) the way statistical data are arranged that shows the frequency in which the values of a variable are repeated

distribución, distribución estadística

distribución, distribución estadística

median
[Sustantivo]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

mediana, valor central

mediana, valor central

Ex: For the series { 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 40 , 45 } , median is 32.5 , calculated as the average of 30 and 35 .
mode
[Sustantivo]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

moda, modo

moda, modo

bimodal
[Adjetivo]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

bimodal, bimodalidad

bimodal, bimodalidad

Ex: bimodal curve on the graph suggests the presence of two dominant traits in the population .
standard deviation
[Sustantivo]

a measure of how much the values in a set typically differ from the average

desviación estándar, desviación típica

desviación estándar, desviación típica

Ex: standard deviation of zero means all the values are identical .
margin of error
[Sustantivo]

the range within which the true value is expected to fall, accounting for potential inaccuracies in measurement or sampling

margen de error, margen de incertidumbre

margen de error, margen de incertidumbre

Ex: Understanding margin of error helps in interpreting the precision of statistical findings .
random
[Adjetivo]

occurring in such a way that each possible outcome has a certain probability of occurring, but the specific outcome cannot be predicted with certainty

aleatorio, fortuito

aleatorio, fortuito

Ex: To ensure unbiased results , the participants in the study were assigned to treatment groups using random assignment method .
trend line
[Sustantivo]

a straight line drawn through a set of data points on a graph to represent the general direction or pattern of the data

línea de tendencia, línea de tendencia estadística

línea de tendencia, línea de tendencia estadística

Ex: trend line in the time series data pointed to a seasonal pattern in sales .
dot plot
[Sustantivo]

a type of statistical chart consisting of dots that represent individual data points

gráfico de puntos, diagrama de puntos

gráfico de puntos, diagrama de puntos

Ex: We used dot plot to compare the daily temperatures recorded over a week , allowing us to see variations at a glance .
linear model
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between two or more variables using a linear equation

modelo lineal, modelo de regresión lineal

modelo lineal, modelo de regresión lineal

Ex: A linear model was used to estimate the impact of advertising expenditure on sales revenue .
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