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数学和逻辑SAT - 算术与统计

在这里,你将学习一些与算术和统计相关的英语单词,如“可分割的”、“范围”、“中位数”等,这些是你需要通过SAT考试所需要的。

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
mixed number
mixed number
[名词]

a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction

带分数, 混合数

带分数, 混合数

Ex: When comparing mixed numbers, we can convert them to improper fractions and then compare the resulting fractions .比较**带分数**时,我们可以将它们转换为假分数,然后比较得到的分数。
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prime number
prime number
[名词]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

质数

质数

Ex: The largest known prime number ( as of 2023 ) has over 24 million digits .已知的最大**素数**(截至2023年)有超过2400万位数。
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rational number

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

有理数, 有理分数

有理数, 有理分数

Ex: 7/8 is a rational number because it can be expressed as the fraction of two integers .7/8是一个**有理数**,因为它可以表示为两个整数的分数。
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irrational number

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

无理数, 不能表示为两个整数比的数

无理数, 不能表示为两个整数比的数

Ex: The square root of 3 is an irrational number because it can not be written as a fraction .3的平方根是一个**无理数**,因为它不能被写成分数。
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complex number

a number that has both a real part and a part involving a unit that, when squared, gives a negative result

复数, 复

复数, 复

Ex: Graphically , complex numbers can be represented on the complex plane with the x-axis as the real part and the y-axis as the imaginary part .图形上,**复数**可以在复平面上表示,x轴为实部,y轴为虚部。
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real number
real number
[名词]

any number that can be found on the number line, including both positive and negative numbers, zero, and fractions

实数, 实數

实数, 实數

Ex: Every point on the number line corresponds to a real number.数轴上的每一点都对应一个**实数**。
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whole number
whole number
[名词]

any positive number without fractions or decimals, including zero

整数, 自然数

整数, 自然数

Ex: The sum of any two whole numbers is always a whole number.任意两个**整数**的和总是一个整数。
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integer
integer
[名词]

any number without fractions or decimals, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero

整数

整数

Ex: Multiplying two integers together will always yield an integer.将两个**整数**相乘总会得到一个整数。
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fraction
fraction
[名词]

a number obtained by dividing one integer or rational number by another, typically written in the form a/b

分数, 普通分数

分数, 普通分数

Ex: In the recipe, use three-quarters (3/4) of a cup of sugar.在食谱中,使用四分之三(3/4)杯糖的**分数**。
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decimal
decimal
[名词]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

小数, 十进制数

小数, 十进制数

Ex: Understanding decimal places is essential when dealing with percentages and financial figures in business contexts.在商业环境中处理百分比和财务数字时,理解**小数**是必不可少的。
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improper fraction

a fraction where the the top number is greater than or equal to the equal to the bottom number

假分数

假分数

Ex: An improper fraction can be expressed as a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction .**假分数**可以表示为一个整数和一个真分数的组合。
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mean
mean
[名词]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

平均数, 算术平均数

平均数, 算术平均数

Ex: The mean of the test results was used to assess overall student achievement .测试结果的**平均值**被用来评估学生的整体成绩。
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divisible
divisible
[形容词]

having the quality of being divided, especially by a number

可分的

可分的

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root
root
[名词]

a value that, when multiplied by itself a specified number of times, results in the given number

根, 根号

根, 根号

Ex: Finding the cube root of 27 involves determining the number that, when multiplied by itself three times, equals 27.找到27的立方**根**涉及确定一个数字,该数字自身乘以三次等于27。
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range
range
[名词]

the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers

范围, 幅度

范围, 幅度

Ex: The range of the dataset { 5 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 22 } is 17 .数据集{5, 8, 12, 16, 22}的**范围**是17。
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square
square
[名词]

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

平方, 二次幂

平方, 二次幂

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average
average
[形容词]

calculated by adding a set of numbers together and dividing this amount by the total number of amounts in that set

平均

平均

Ex: The average number of hours worked per week was 40 .每周工作的**平均**小时数为40。
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solution
solution
[名词]

a correct answer to a problem in mathematics or a puzzle

解决方案, 答案

解决方案, 答案

Ex: The mathematician 's groundbreaking research led to the discovery of a solution to a long-standing mathematical problem .这位数学家的开创性研究导致了一个长期存在的数学问题的**解决方案**的发现。
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product
product
[名词]

the result of multiplying two or more numbers or quantities together

乘积, 乘法的结果

乘积, 乘法的结果

Ex: Understanding how to calculate the product of numbers is a fundamental math skill .理解如何计算数字的**乘积**是一项基本的数学技能。
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quotient
quotient
[名词]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

商

Ex: The quotient of 50 and 10 is 5 , reflecting the result of their division .50和10的**商**是5,反映了它们除法的结果。
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factor
factor
[名词]

(mathematics) one of the numbers that another number can be divided by

因数

因数

Ex: Identifying factor pairs of a number involves listing pairs of integers whose product equals that number .识别一个数的**因数**对涉及列出乘积等于该数的整数对。
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value
value
[名词]

(mathematics) an amount that is shown by a sign or letter

值, 数量

值, 数量

Ex: The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero on a number line, represented by |x| for a given number x.一个数的绝对**值**是它在数轴上与零的距离,对于给定的数x用|x|表示。
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inequality
inequality
[名词]

a statement that compares two quantities, expressions, or values and indicates their relative sizes

不等式

不等式

Ex: In calculus , inequalities are used to express conditions for the convergence or divergence of series and sequences .在微积分中,**不等式**用于表示级数和序列的收敛或发散条件。
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equation
equation
[名词]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

方程

方程

Ex: Economists analyze supply and demand equations to forecast market trends and price changes .经济学家分析供需**方程**以预测市场趋势和价格变化。
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minimum
minimum
[名词]

the lowest amount, degree, or extent there is or is possible, allowed or required

最小, 最低

最小, 最低

Ex: The hotel charges a minimum stay of two nights during the holiday season.
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exponential
exponential
[名词]

a mathematical expression where a number is multiplied by itself a certain number of times determined by a variable

指数, 指数函数

指数, 指数函数

Ex: When modeling the spread of a virus , researchers often use exponentials.在模拟病毒传播时,研究人员经常使用**指数**。
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linear
linear
[形容词]

related to equations that create straight lines when graphed, indicating a constant rate of change

线性

线性

Ex: Linear functions are a fundamental concept in high school mathematics, crucial for understanding more complex topics.**线性**函数是高中数学中的一个基本概念,对于理解更复杂的课题至关重要。
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common ratio
common ratio
[名词]

the constant ratio between consecutive terms

公比, 常比

公比, 常比

Ex: When studying exponential functions in algebra , students learn to identify the common ratio in geometric sequences .在学习代数中的指数函数时,学生们学会识别几何序列中的**公比**。
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common multiple

a number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers

公倍数, 共同倍数

公倍数, 共同倍数

Ex: The concept of common multiples is essential for adding and subtracting fractions .**公倍数**的概念对于分数的加减是必不可少的。
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common factor

a number that divides exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder

公因数, 公约数

公因数, 公约数

Ex: Finding common factors is crucial in reducing fractions to their simplest form .找到**公因数**对于将分数化简为最简形式至关重要。
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common denominator

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

公分母, 共同分母

公分母, 共同分母

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least common denominator

the smallest positive integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

最小公分母, 分母的最小公倍数

最小公分母, 分母的最小公倍数

Ex: The least common denominator of the fractions 2/3 and 5/9 is 9 , allowing us to add them easily .分数2/3和5/9的**最小公分母**是9,使我们能够轻松地将它们相加。
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probability
probability
[名词]

(mathematics) a number representing the chances of something specific happening

概率

概率

Ex: The probability of rolling a six on a fair die is one out of six .在公平的骰子上掷出六点的**概率**是六分之一。
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to estimate
to estimate
[动词]

to guess the value, number, quantity, size, etc. of something without exact calculation

估计, 估算

估计, 估算

Ex: We need to estimate the total expenses for the event before planning the budget .在计划预算之前,我们需要**估计**活动的总费用。
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arithmetic sequence

a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant

等差数列, 算术序列

等差数列, 算术序列

Ex: Arithmetic sequences are fundamental in mathematics and have applications in various fields .**算术序列**是数学中的基础,并在各个领域有应用。
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frequency
frequency
[名词]

the number of times a particular event occurs within a specific period or among a set of observations

频率

频率

Ex: The frequency of heads in 100 coin flips was 52 .在100次掷硬币中,正面的**频率**是52次。
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distribution
distribution
[名词]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

Ex: Probability theory explains the expected distribution of outcomes .
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median
median
[名词]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

中位数, 中间值

中位数, 中间值

Ex: For the series { 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 40 , 45 } , the median is 32.5 , calculated as the average of 30 and 35 .对于系列{20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45},**中位数**是32.5,计算为30和35的平均值。
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mode
mode
[名词]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

众数, 模态值

众数, 模态值

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bimodal
bimodal
[形容词]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

双峰的, 有两种模式的

双峰的, 有两种模式的

Ex: A bimodal curve on the graph suggests the presence of two dominant traits in the population .图表上的**双峰**曲线表明人群中存在两个主要特征。
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standard deviation

a measure of how much the values in a set typically differ from the average

标准差, 标准偏差

标准差, 标准偏差

Ex: A standard deviation of zero means all the values are identical .**标准差**为零意味着所有值都相同。
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margin of error

the range within which the true value is expected to fall, accounting for potential inaccuracies in measurement or sampling

误差范围, 误差幅度

误差范围, 误差幅度

Ex: Understanding the margin of error helps in interpreting the precision of statistical findings .理解**误差范围**有助于解释统计结果的精确度。
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random
random
[形容词]

occurring in such a way that each possible outcome has a certain probability of occurring, but the specific outcome cannot be predicted with certainty

随机的, 任意的

随机的, 任意的

Ex: To ensure unbiased results , the participants in the study were assigned to treatment groups using a random assignment method .为确保无偏见的结果,研究中的参与者被使用**随机**分配方法分配到治疗组。
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trend line
trend line
[名词]

a straight line drawn through a set of data points on a graph to represent the general direction or pattern of the data

趋势线, 趋向线

趋势线, 趋向线

Ex: The trend line in the time series data pointed to a seasonal pattern in sales .时间序列数据中的**趋势线**指出了销售中的季节性模式。
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dot plot
dot plot
[名词]

a type of statistical chart consisting of dots that represent individual data points

点图, 点状图

点图, 点状图

Ex: We used a dot plot to compare the daily temperatures recorded over a week , allowing us to see variations at a glance .我们使用**点图**来比较一周内记录的每日温度,让我们可以一目了然地看到变化。
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linear model
linear model
[名词]

a mathematical representation that describes the relationship between two or more variables using a linear equation

线性模型, 线性回归模型

线性模型, 线性回归模型

Ex: A simple linear model was used to estimate the impact of advertising expenditure on sales revenue .使用了一个简单的**线性模型**来估计广告支出对销售收入的影响。
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