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SAT Ordfärdigheter 5 - Lektion 42

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SAT Word Skills 5
nepotism
nepotism
[Substantiv]

favoritism shown to relatives, especially in granting jobs, promotions, or other advantages

nepotism

nepotism

Ex: The company's policy against nepotism ensured that promotions and hiring decisions were based solely on merit rather than familial connections. 

Företagets policy mot nepotism säkerställde att befordringar och anställningsbeslut baserades enbart på merit snarare än familjära förbindelser.

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realism
realism
[Substantiv]

a literary or artistic style that gives a lifelike representation of people, events, and objects

realism, naturalism

realism, naturalism

Ex: The novel's realism is striking, with its vivid descriptions of urban life and the complexities of human relationships. 

Romanens realism är slående, med sina livfulla beskrivningar av stadslivet och mänskliga relationers komplexitet.

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aphorism
aphorism
[Substantiv]

a concise, memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or observation, often witty or philosophical

aforism, maxim

aforism, maxim

Ex: Philosophers often use aphorisms to distill complex ideas. 

Filosofer använder ofta aforismer för att destillera komplexa idéer.

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pessimism
pessimism
[Substantiv]

the negative quality of having doubts about the future and expect the worst possible outcomes

pessimism

pessimism

Ex: She realized that her pessimism was limiting her opportunities. 

Hon insåg att hennes pessimism begränsade hennes möjligheter.

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mannerism
mannerism
[Substantiv]

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

manerism, särdrag

manerism, särdrag

Ex: The detective noticed a mannerism shared by multiple witnesses, helping to identify the suspect in the crime investigation. 

Detektiven lade märke till en manér som delades av flera vittnen, vilket hjälpte till att identifiera den misstänkte i brottsutredningen.

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truism
truism
[Substantiv]

a self-evident truth or axiomatic statement that does not worth mentioning, used as a literary device

truism, självklar sanning

truism, självklar sanning

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Americanism
Americanism
[Substantiv]

the ideology, customs, values, and cultural traits that are considered characteristic of the United States or its citizens

amerikanism, den amerikanska ideologin

amerikanism, den amerikanska ideologin

Ex: The Pledge of Allegiance, recited in schools and public events across the country, is a symbol of Americanism, emphasizing loyalty and patriotism to the United States. 

Trohetseden, som reciteras i skolor och offentliga evenemang över hela landet, är en symbol för amerikanism, som betonar lojalitet och patriotism mot USA.

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altruism
altruism
[Substantiv]

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity

altruism, osjälviskhet

altruism, osjälviskhet

Ex: Donating blood to save the life of a stranger exemplifies altruism, as it involves sacrificing one's own comfort or well-being for the benefit of another person. 

Att donera blod för att rädda livet på en främling exemplifierar altruism, eftersom det innebär att offra sin egen komfort eller välbefinnande för en annan persons bästa.

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plagiarism
plagiarism
[Substantiv]

the act of using someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper credit or permission

plagiat, kopiering

plagiat, kopiering

Ex: The professor detected plagiarism in several essays. 

Professorn upptäckte plagiat i flera uppsatser.

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ventriloquist
ventriloquist
[Substantiv]

an entertainer who can manipulate their voice in a way that makes it seem like it is coming from a puppet or dummy

buktalare, ventriloquist

buktalare, ventriloquist

Ex: In the old theater, there was a room dedicated to the ventriloquist and his collection of unique puppets. 

I den gamla teatern fanns ett rum tillägnat buktalaren och hans samling unika dockor.

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zeitgeist
zeitgeist
[Substantiv]

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time

tidsanda, tidens anda

tidsanda, tidens anda

Ex: The Renaissance was a period marked by a zeitgeist of rebirth and rediscovery, with a renewed interest in classical art, literature, and humanism driving cultural and intellectual developments. 

Renässansen var en period präglad av en zeitgeist av återfödelse och återupptäckt, med ett förnyat intresse för klassisk konst, litteratur och humanism, som drev kulturella och intellektuella utvecklingar.

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fatalist
fatalist
[Substantiv]

someone who believes that all events are predetermined and inevitable, often accepting them passively without attempting to change or influence outcomes

fatalist, determinist

fatalist, determinist

Ex: The fatalist views relationships as predetermined, believing that finding true love or happiness is ultimately beyond their control. 

Fatalisten ser relationer som förutbestämda, i tron att hitta sann kärlek eller lycka i slutändan är bortom deras kontroll.

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lobbyist
lobbyist
[Substantiv]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbyist, påverkansagent

lobbyist, påverkansagent

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masochist
masochist
[Substantiv]

someone who derives pleasure or gratification from experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering, either inflicted by oneself or by others

masochist, person som får njutning av smärta

masochist, person som får njutning av smärta

Ex: Some individuals find fulfillment in serving as a submissive partner in BDSM relationships, embodying masochistic tendencies. 

Vissa individer finner uppfyllelse i att tjäna som en undergiven partner i BDSM-förhållanden, och företräder masochistiska tendenser.

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numismatist
numismatist
[Substantiv]

someone who collects, studies, or deals with coins, currency, and related items, often as a hobby or profession

numismatiker, myntsamlare

numismatiker, myntsamlare

Ex: The numismatist appraised the value of the old coins inherited by the family, providing insights into their historical significance and worth. 

Numismatikern bedömde värdet av de gamla mynten som familjen ärvt och gav insikter om deras historiska betydelse och värde.

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oculist
oculist
[Substantiv]

a healthcare professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders

ögonläkare, oftalmolog

ögonläkare, oftalmolog

Ex: Upon visiting the oculist, the patient received a prescription for eye drops to treat their dry eye syndrome. 

Vid besöket hos ögonläkaren fick patienten en recept på ögondroppar för att behandla deras torra ögonsyndrom.

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euthanasia
euthanasia
[Substantiv]

the intentional act of ending a person's life painlessly and without their consent, typically to relieve suffering from a terminal illness or irreversible condition

eutanasi, mild död

eutanasi, mild död

Ex: Ethicists often engage in discussions about the moral implications of euthanasia, exploring concepts such as autonomy, compassion, and the sanctity of life. 

Etiker engagerar sig ofta i diskussioner om de moraliska implikationerna av dödshjälp, och utför begrepp som autonomi, medkänsla och livets helighet.

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hernia
hernia
[Substantiv]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

bråck

bråck

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hysteria
hysteria
[Substantiv]

great excitement, anger, or fear that makes someone unable to control their emotions, and as a result, they start laughing, crying, etc.

hysteri, masshysteri

hysteri, masshysteri

Ex: Hysteria erupted in the theater when the fire alarm went off. 

Hysteri bröt ut i teatern när brandlarmet gick av.

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mania
mania
[Substantiv]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mani

mani

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