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Habilidades de Palavras do SAT 5 - Lição 42

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SAT Word Skills 5
nepotism
[substantivo]

favoritism shown to relatives, especially in granting jobs, promotions, or other advantages

nepotismo

nepotismo

Ex: Despite accusations of nepotism, the CEO appointed his son to a high-ranking position within the organization , sparking controversy among employees .Apesar das acusações de **nepotismo**, o CEO nomeou seu filho para um cargo de alto escalão dentro da organização, provocando polêmica entre os funcionários.
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realism
[substantivo]

a literary or artistic style that gives a lifelike representation of people, events, and objects

realismo, naturalismo

realismo, naturalismo

Ex: She preferred the directness of realism in her sculptures , capturing the true forms and emotions of her subjects without embellishment .Ela preferia a franqueza do **realismo** em suas esculturas, capturando as formas e emoções verdadeiras de seus sujeitos sem enfeites.
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aphorism
[substantivo]

a concise and memorable expression that contains a general truth or principle

aforismo,  máxima

aforismo, máxima

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pessimism
[substantivo]

the negative quality of having doubts about the future and expect the worst possible outcomes

pessimismo

pessimismo

Ex: His pessimism about the economy influenced his investment choices .Seu **pessimismo** sobre a economia influenciou suas escolhas de investimento.
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mannerism
[substantivo]

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

maneirismo, particularidade

maneirismo, particularidade

Ex: In his speeches , the politician displayed a mannerism of emphasizing key points with a distinctive hand gesture .Em seus discursos, o político exibiu um **maneirismo** de enfatizar pontos-chave com um gesto de mão distintivo.
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truism
[substantivo]

a self-evident truth or axiomatic statement that does not worth mentioning, used as a literary device

truísmo, verdade evidente

truísmo, verdade evidente

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Americanism
[substantivo]

the ideology, customs, values, and cultural traits that are considered characteristic of the United States or its citizens

americanismo, a ideologia americana

americanismo, a ideologia americana

Ex: The concept of freedom of speech , enshrined in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution , is a fundamental aspect of Americanism, highlighting the importance of individual rights and liberties .O conceito de liberdade de expressão, consagrado na Primeira Emenda da Constituição dos EUA, é um aspecto fundamental do **americanismo**, destacando a importância dos direitos e liberdades individuais.
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altruism
[substantivo]

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity

altruísmo, generosidade

altruísmo, generosidade

Ex: Rescuing an injured animal and providing care and shelter , even at personal inconvenience , showcases altruism by showing compassion and empathy towards creatures in need .Resgatar um animal ferido e fornecer cuidados e abrigo, mesmo com inconveniência pessoal, demonstra **altruísmo** ao mostrar compaixão e empatia por criaturas necessitadas.
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plagiarism
[substantivo]

the act of using someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper credit or permission

plágio, cópia

plágio, cópia

Ex: Many universities use software to check for plagiarism.Muitas universidades usam software para verificar **plágio**.
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ventriloquist
[substantivo]

an entertainer who can manipulate their voice in a way that makes it seem like it is coming from a puppet or dummy

ventríloquo, artista de ventriloquismo

ventríloquo, artista de ventriloquismo

Ex: The ventriloquist's performance was so convincing that many in the audience were amazed at how realistic the puppet seemed .A performance do **ventríloquo** foi tão convincente que muitos na plateia ficaram maravilhados com o quão realista o boneco parecia.
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zeitgeist
[substantivo]

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time

espírito da época, clima da época

espírito da época, clima da época

Ex: The Industrial Revolution brought about a zeitgeist of urbanization and industrialization , as rural populations migrated to cities in search of work and new technologies transformed society and the economy .A Revolução Industrial trouxe um **zeitgeist** de urbanização e industrialização, enquanto as populações rurais migravam para as cidades em busca de trabalho e as novas tecnologias transformavam a sociedade e a economia.
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fatalist
[substantivo]

someone who believes that all events are predetermined and inevitable, often accepting them passively without attempting to change or influence outcomes

fatalista, determinista

fatalista, determinista

Ex: In the face of economic hardship , the fatalist sees no point in seeking employment or striving for success , convinced that poverty is their inevitable fate .Diante das dificuldades econômicas, o **fatalista** não vê sentido em procurar emprego ou lutar pelo sucesso, convencido de que a pobreza é o seu destino inevitável.
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lobbyist
[substantivo]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobista, agente de influência

lobista, agente de influência

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masochist
[substantivo]

someone who derives pleasure or gratification from experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering, either inflicted by oneself or by others

masoquista, pessoa que obtém prazer com a dor

masoquista, pessoa que obtém prazer com a dor

Ex: The masochist may deliberately provoke conflict or engage in self-destructive behavior , finding pleasure in the resulting suffering .O **masoquista** pode deliberadamente provocar conflitos ou envolver-se em comportamentos autodestrutivos, encontrando prazer no sofrimento resultante.
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numismatist
[substantivo]

someone who collects, studies, or deals with coins, currency, and related items, often as a hobby or profession

numismata, colecionador de moedas

numismata, colecionador de moedas

Ex: During his travels , the numismatist visited various coin shops and auctions , always on the lookout for unique additions to his collection .Durante suas viagens, o **numismata** visitou várias lojas de moedas e leilões, sempre à procura de adições únicas para sua coleção.
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oculist
[substantivo]

a healthcare professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders

oculista, oftalmologista

oculista, oftalmologista

Ex: The oculist provided comprehensive care for patients with glaucoma , monitoring their condition and adjusting treatment plans as needed .O **oculista** prestou cuidados abrangentes a pacientes com glaucoma, monitorando sua condição e ajustando os planos de tratamento conforme necessário.
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euthanasia
[substantivo]

the intentional act of ending a person's life painlessly and without their consent, typically to relieve suffering from a terminal illness or irreversible condition

eutanásia, morte suave

eutanásia, morte suave

Ex: Advocacy groups may campaign for the legalization of euthanasia, arguing for the right of individuals to choose a dignified and painless end of life if they are suffering unbearably .Grupos de defesa podem fazer campanha pela legalização da **eutanásia**, argumentando pelo direito dos indivíduos de escolher um fim de vida digno e sem dor se estiverem sofrendo insuportavelmente.
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hernia
[substantivo]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

hérnia

hérnia

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hysteria
[substantivo]

great excitement, anger, or fear that makes someone unable to control their emotions, and as a result, they start laughing, crying, etc.

histeria, histeria coletiva

histeria, histeria coletiva

Ex: She was on the verge of hysteria after hearing the shocking news .Ela estava à beira **da histeria** depois de ouvir a notícia chocante.
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mania
[substantivo]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

mania

mania

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Habilidades de Palavras do SAT 5
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