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Compétences Lexicales SAT 5 - Leçon 42

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SAT Word Skills 5
nepotism

favoritism shown to relatives, especially in granting jobs, promotions, or other advantages

népotisme

népotisme

Ex: In the small town, government contracts were often awarded to the mayor's relatives, raising concerns about nepotism and corruption. 

Dans la petite ville, les contrats gouvernementaux étaient souvent attribués aux proches du maire, soulevant des inquiétudes concernant le népotisme et la corruption.

realism
realism
[nom]

a literary or artistic style that gives a lifelike representation of people, events, and objects

réalisme

réalisme

Ex: Realism in literature often involves focusing on ordinary characters and situations, avoiding romanticized or idealized portrayals. 

Le réalisme dans la littérature implique souvent de se concentrer sur des personnages et des situations ordinaires, en évitant les représentations romancées ou idéalisées.

aphorism

a concise, memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or observation, often witty or philosophical

aphorisme

aphorisme

Ex: The book is filled with aphorisms about love and loss. 

Le livre est rempli d'aphorismes sur l'amour et la perte.

pessimism

the negative quality of having doubts about the future and expect the worst possible outcomes

pessimisme

pessimisme

Ex: She tried to overcome her pessimism by focusing on positive aspects. 

Elle a essayé de surmonter son pessimisme en se concentrant sur les aspects positifs.

mannerism

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

tic, manie

tic, manie

Ex: John's mannerism of twirling his hair when deep in thought became a recognizable trait among his friends. 

La manière de John de tourner ses cheveux lorsqu'il était profondément plongé dans ses pensées est devenue un trait reconnaissable parmi ses amis.

truism
truism
[nom]

a self-evident truth or axiomatic statement that does not worth mentioning, used as a literary device

truisme

truisme

Americanism

the ideology, customs, values, and cultural traits that are considered characteristic of the United States or its citizens

américanisme

américanisme

Ex: The phrase "the American Dream" embodies Americanism, representing the belief in upward social mobility and achieving success through hard work and determination. 

L'expression "le rêve américain" incarne l'américanisme, représentant la croyance en la mobilité sociale ascendante et la réussite grâce au travail acharné et à la détermination.

altruism

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity

altruisme

altruisme

Ex: Volunteering at a local soup kitchen to help feed the homeless demonstrates altruism by giving time and effort for the benefit of others. 

Faire du bénévolat dans une soupe populaire locale pour aider à nourrir les sans-abri démontre l'altruisme en donnant du temps et des efforts pour le bien des autres.

plagiarism

the act of using someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper credit or permission

plagiat

plagiat

Ex: Plagiarism is a serious offense in academic writing. 

Le plagiat est une infraction grave dans la rédaction académique.

ventriloquist

an entertainer who can manipulate their voice in a way that makes it seem like it is coming from a puppet or dummy

ventriloque

ventriloque

Ex: She became famous as a ventriloquist after winning a talent show with her skillful puppetry and comedic timing. 

Elle est devenue célèbre en tant que ventriloque après avoir remporté un concours de talents avec son habileté en marionnettes et son sens du timing comique.

zeitgeist

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time

air du temps

air du temps

Ex: The Enlightenment was characterized by a zeitgeist of reason, skepticism, and intellectual curiosity, leading to advancements in science, philosophy, and political thought. 

Les Lumières étaient caractérisées par un zeitgeist de raison, de scepticisme et de curiosité intellectuelle, conduisant à des avancées dans la science, la philosophie et la pensée politique.

fatalist

someone who believes that all events are predetermined and inevitable, often accepting them passively without attempting to change or influence outcomes

fataliste

fataliste

Ex: The fatalist refuses to take any action to prevent climate change, believing that the Earth's destruction is inevitable regardless of human intervention. 

Le fataliste refuse de prendre toute mesure pour prévenir le changement climatique, croyant que la destruction de la Terre est inévitable quelle que soit l'intervention humaine.

lobbyist

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbyiste

lobbyiste

masochist

someone who derives pleasure or gratification from experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering, either inflicted by oneself or by others

masochiste

masochiste

Ex: The masochist derives pleasure from enduring physical pain, often by engaging in activities such as piercing or tattooing. 

Le masochiste tire du plaisir à endurer la douleur physique, souvent en s'engageant dans des activités telles que le perçage ou le tatouage.

numismatist

someone who collects, studies, or deals with coins, currency, and related items, often as a hobby or profession

numismate

numismate

Ex: As a numismatist, she specialized in ancient Roman coins and frequently attended coin conventions to expand her collection. 

En tant que numismate, elle était spécialisée dans les pièces de monnaie romaines antiques et assistait fréquemment à des conventions de pièces pour agrandir sa collection.

oculist
oculist
[nom]

a healthcare professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders

oculiste

oculiste

Ex: As an experienced oculist, she performed delicate eye surgeries, such as cataract removal and laser vision correction. 

En tant qu'oculiste expérimentée, elle a réalisé des opérations oculaires délicates, telles que l'ablation de la cataracte et la correction de la vision au laser.

euthanasia

the intentional act of ending a person's life painlessly and without their consent, typically to relieve suffering from a terminal illness or irreversible condition

euthanasie

euthanasie

Ex: A family may face a difficult decision regarding euthanasia for their beloved pet who is experiencing incurable pain and suffering. 

Une famille peut être confrontée à une décision difficile concernant l'euthanasie pour leur animal bien-aimé qui souffre de douleurs incurables.

hernia
hernia
[nom]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

hernie

hernie

hysteria

great excitement, anger, or fear that makes someone unable to control their emotions, and as a result, they start laughing, crying, etc.

hystérie

hystérie

Ex: The child's tantrum bordered on hysteria after his toy broke. 

La crise de colère de l'enfant frisait l'hystérie après que son jouet s'est cassé.

mania
mania
[nom]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

manie

manie

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