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SAT 語彙スキル 5 - レッスン42

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SAT Word Skills 5
nepotism
[名詞]

favoritism shown to relatives, especially in granting jobs, promotions, or other advantages

縁故主義

縁故主義

Ex: Despite accusations of nepotism, the CEO appointed his son to a high-ranking position within the organization , sparking controversy among employees .**縁故主義**の非難にもかかわらず、CEOは組織内の高位の地位に息子を任命し、従業員の間で論争を引き起こした。
realism
[名詞]

a literary or artistic style that gives a lifelike representation of people, events, and objects

リアリズム, 自然主義

リアリズム, 自然主義

Ex: She preferred the directness of realism in her sculptures , capturing the true forms and emotions of her subjects without embellishment .彼女は彫刻において、飾り気なく被写体の真の形と感情を捉える**リアリズム**の直接性を好んだ。
aphorism
[名詞]

a concise and memorable expression that contains a general truth or principle

アフォリズム,  格言

アフォリズム, 格言

pessimism
[名詞]

the negative quality of having doubts about the future and expect the worst possible outcomes

悲観主義

悲観主義

Ex: His pessimism about the economy influenced his investment choices .経済に対する彼の**悲観論**は、彼の投資選択に影響を与えた。
mannerism
[名詞]

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

マンネリズム, 特徴

マンネリズム, 特徴

Ex: In his speeches , the politician displayed a mannerism of emphasizing key points with a distinctive hand gesture .彼のスピーチでは、その政治家は特徴的な手振りで要点を強調する**癖**を見せた。
truism
[名詞]

a self-evident truth or axiomatic statement that does not worth mentioning, used as a literary device

自明の理, 明白な真実

自明の理, 明白な真実

Americanism
[名詞]

the ideology, customs, values, and cultural traits that are considered characteristic of the United States or its citizens

アメリカニズム, アメリカのイデオロギー

アメリカニズム, アメリカのイデオロギー

Ex: The concept of freedom of speech , enshrined in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution , is a fundamental aspect of Americanism, highlighting the importance of individual rights and liberties .アメリカ合衆国憲法の最初の修正条項に明記された言論の自由の概念は、個人の権利と自由の重要性を強調する**アメリカニズム**の基本的な側面です。
altruism
[名詞]

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity

利他主義, 無私

利他主義, 無私

Ex: Rescuing an injured animal and providing care and shelter , even at personal inconvenience , showcases altruism by showing compassion and empathy towards creatures in need .けがをした動物を救い、個人的な不便を顧みずに世話や避難所を提供することは、必要な生き物に対する思いやりと共感を示すことで**利他主義**を表しています。
plagiarism
[名詞]

the act of using someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper credit or permission

盗作, 剽窃

盗作, 剽窃

Ex: Many universities use software to check for plagiarism.多くの大学は、**盗作**をチェックするためにソフトウェアを使用しています。

an entertainer who can manipulate their voice in a way that makes it seem like it is coming from a puppet or dummy

腹話術師, ベントリロキスト

腹話術師, ベントリロキスト

Ex: The ventriloquist's performance was so convincing that many in the audience were amazed at how realistic the puppet seemed .**腹話術師**のパフォーマンスは非常に説得力があり、観客の多くは人形がいかにリアルに見えるかに驚きました。
zeitgeist
[名詞]

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time

時代精神, 時代の空気

時代精神, 時代の空気

Ex: The Industrial Revolution brought about a zeitgeist of urbanization and industrialization , as rural populations migrated to cities in search of work and new technologies transformed society and the economy .産業革命は、農村の人々が仕事を求めて都市に移住し、新しい技術が社会と経済を変革する中で、都市化と工業化の**時代精神**をもたらしました。
fatalist
[名詞]

someone who believes that all events are predetermined and inevitable, often accepting them passively without attempting to change or influence outcomes

運命論者, 決定論者

運命論者, 決定論者

Ex: In the face of economic hardship , the fatalist sees no point in seeking employment or striving for success , convinced that poverty is their inevitable fate .経済的困難に直面して、**宿命論者**は就職したり成功を目指したりすることに意味を見出さず、貧困が避けられない運命だと確信している。
lobbyist
[名詞]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

ロビイスト, 圧力団体の代理人

ロビイスト, 圧力団体の代理人

masochist
[名詞]

someone who derives pleasure or gratification from experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering, either inflicted by oneself or by others

マゾヒスト, 痛みから快楽を得る人

マゾヒスト, 痛みから快楽を得る人

Ex: The masochist may deliberately provoke conflict or engage in self-destructive behavior , finding pleasure in the resulting suffering .**マゾヒスト**は、意図的に衝突を引き起こしたり、自滅的な行動に従事したりして、その結果生じる苦痛に喜びを見出すことがあります。
numismatist
[名詞]

someone who collects, studies, or deals with coins, currency, and related items, often as a hobby or profession

貨幣収集家, コイン収集家

貨幣収集家, コイン収集家

Ex: During his travels , the numismatist visited various coin shops and auctions , always on the lookout for unique additions to his collection .彼の旅行中、**貨幣収集家**はさまざまなコインショップやオークションを訪れ、常に彼のコレクションにユニークな追加を探していました。
oculist
[名詞]

a healthcare professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders

眼科医, 眼科学者

眼科医, 眼科学者

Ex: The oculist provided comprehensive care for patients with glaucoma , monitoring their condition and adjusting treatment plans as needed .**眼科医**は緑内障の患者に対して包括的なケアを提供し、彼らの状態を監視し、必要に応じて治療計画を調整しました。
euthanasia
[名詞]

the intentional act of ending a person's life painlessly and without their consent, typically to relieve suffering from a terminal illness or irreversible condition

安楽死, 優しい死

安楽死, 優しい死

Ex: Advocacy groups may campaign for the legalization of euthanasia, arguing for the right of individuals to choose a dignified and painless end of life if they are suffering unbearably .擁護団体は、耐え難い苦しみを抱えている場合、個人が尊厳ある苦痛のない人生の終わりを選ぶ権利を主張して、**安楽死**の合法化を求める運動を行うことがあります。
hernia
[名詞]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

ヘルニア

ヘルニア

hysteria
[名詞]

great excitement, anger, or fear that makes someone unable to control their emotions, and as a result, they start laughing, crying, etc.

ヒステリー, 集団ヒステリー

ヒステリー, 集団ヒステリー

Ex: She was on the verge of hysteria after hearing the shocking news .彼女はその衝撃的なニュースを聞いた後、**ヒステリー**の瀬戸際にいた。
mania
[名詞]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

躁病

躁病

SAT 語彙スキル 5
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