SAT词汇技能5 - 第42课

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nepotism

[名词]

favoritism shown to relatives, especially in granting jobs, promotions, or other advantages

裙带关系

Ex: Despite accusations of nepotism, the CEO appointed his son to a high-ranking position within the organization , sparking controversy among employees .尽管有**裙带关系**的指控，首席执行官还是任命他的儿子担任组织内的高层职位，引发了员工之间的争议。

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realism

[名词]

a literary or artistic style that gives a lifelike representation of people, events, and objects

现实主义, 自然主义

Ex: She preferred the directness of realism in her sculptures , capturing the true forms and emotions of her subjects without embellishment .她偏爱**现实主义**在雕塑中的直接性，不加修饰地捕捉主题的真实形态和情感。

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aphorism

[名词]

a concise and memorable expression that contains a general truth or principle

格言, 警句

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pessimism

[名词]

the negative quality of having doubts about the future and expect the worst possible outcomes

悲观主义

Ex: His pessimism about the economy influenced his investment choices .他对经济的**悲观**影响了他的投资选择。

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mannerism

[名词]

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

风格主义, 独特性

Ex: In his speeches , the politician displayed a mannerism of emphasizing key points with a distinctive hand gesture .在他的演讲中，这位政治家表现出一种用手势强调要点的**癖好**。

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truism

[名词]

a self-evident truth or axiomatic statement that does not worth mentioning, used as a literary device

自明之理, 不言而喻的真理

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Americanism

[名词]

the ideology, customs, values, and cultural traits that are considered characteristic of the United States or its citizens

美国主义, 美国的意识形态

Ex: The concept of freedom of speech , enshrined in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution , is a fundamental aspect of Americanism, highlighting the importance of individual rights and liberties .美国宪法第一修正案所载的言论自由概念是**美国主义**的一个基本方面，突出了个人权利和自由的重要性。

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altruism

[名词]

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity

利他主义, 无私

Ex: Rescuing an injured animal and providing care and shelter , even at personal inconvenience , showcases altruism by showing compassion and empathy towards creatures in need .即使个人不便，救援受伤的动物并提供照顾和庇护，通过对需要帮助的生物表现出同情和同理心，展示了**利他主义**。

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plagiarism

[名词]

the act of using someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper credit or permission

剽窃, 抄袭

Ex: Many universities use software to check for plagiarism.许多大学使用软件来检查**抄袭**。

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ventriloquist

[名词]

an entertainer who can manipulate their voice in a way that makes it seem like it is coming from a puppet or dummy

腹语术者, 腹语表演者

Ex: The ventriloquist's performance was so convincing that many in the audience were amazed at how realistic the puppet seemed .**腹语表演者**的表演如此令人信服，以至于许多观众对木偶看起来多么逼真感到惊讶。

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zeitgeist

[名词]

the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time

时代精神, 时代氛围

Ex: The Industrial Revolution brought about a zeitgeist of urbanization and industrialization , as rural populations migrated to cities in search of work and new technologies transformed society and the economy .工业革命带来了城市化和工业化的**时代精神**，随着农村人口为寻找工作而迁移到城市，新技术改变了社会和经济。

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fatalist

[名词]

someone who believes that all events are predetermined and inevitable, often accepting them passively without attempting to change or influence outcomes

宿命论者, 决定论者

Ex: In the face of economic hardship , the fatalist sees no point in seeking employment or striving for success , convinced that poverty is their inevitable fate .面对经济困难，**宿命论者**认为寻找工作或争取成功毫无意义，坚信贫穷是他们不可避免的命运。

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lobbyist

[名词]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

说客, 游说者

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masochist

[名词]

someone who derives pleasure or gratification from experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering, either inflicted by oneself or by others

受虐狂, 从痛苦中获得快感的人

Ex: The masochist may deliberately provoke conflict or engage in self-destructive behavior , finding pleasure in the resulting suffering .**受虐狂**可能会故意挑起冲突或从事自我毁灭的行为，在由此产生的痛苦中找到快乐。

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numismatist

[名词]

someone who collects, studies, or deals with coins, currency, and related items, often as a hobby or profession

钱币学家, 硬币收藏家

Ex: During his travels , the numismatist visited various coin shops and auctions , always on the lookout for unique additions to his collection .在他的旅行中，**钱币学家**参观了各种硬币商店和拍卖会，总是在寻找独特的收藏品。

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oculist

[名词]

a healthcare professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders

眼科医生, 眼科专家

Ex: The oculist provided comprehensive care for patients with glaucoma , monitoring their condition and adjusting treatment plans as needed .**眼科医生**为青光眼患者提供了全面的护理，监测他们的病情并根据需要调整治疗计划。

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euthanasia

[名词]

the intentional act of ending a person's life painlessly and without their consent, typically to relieve suffering from a terminal illness or irreversible condition

安乐死, 无痛死亡

Ex: Advocacy groups may campaign for the legalization of euthanasia, arguing for the right of individuals to choose a dignified and painless end of life if they are suffering unbearably .倡导团体可能会为**安乐死**的合法化进行活动，主张如果人们正在承受无法忍受的痛苦，他们有权选择有尊严和无痛苦的结束生命。

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hernia

[名词]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

疝气

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hysteria

[名词]

great excitement, anger, or fear that makes someone unable to control their emotions, and as a result, they start laughing, crying, etc.

歇斯底里, 集体歇斯底里

Ex: She was on the verge of hysteria after hearing the shocking news .听到这个令人震惊的消息后，她处于**歇斯底里**的边缘。

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mania

[名词]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

躁狂症

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SAT词汇技能5

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SAT词汇技能5 - 第42课