favoritism shown to relatives, especially in granting jobs, promotions, or other advantages
裙带关系
在这个小镇上，政府合同经常授予市长的亲属，引发了人们对裙带关系和腐败的担忧。
a literary or artistic style that gives a lifelike representation of people, events, and objects
现实主义, 自然主义
文学中的现实主义通常涉及关注普通人物和情境，避免浪漫化或理想化的描绘。
a concise, memorable statement that expresses a general truth, principle, or observation, often witty or philosophical
格言, 警句
她的演讲中点缀着巧妙的警句。
the negative quality of having doubts about the future and expect the worst possible outcomes
悲观主义
她试图通过关注积极方面来克服她的悲观情绪。
a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period
风格主义, 独特性
约翰在深思时捻头发的习惯在他的朋友中成了一个可识别的特征。
a self-evident truth or axiomatic statement that does not worth mentioning, used as a literary device
自明之理, 不言而喻的真理
the ideology, customs, values, and cultural traits that are considered characteristic of the United States or its citizens
美国主义, 美国的意识形态
“美国梦”这一短语体现了美国主义，代表着对通过努力工作和决心实现社会上升流动性和成功的信念。
the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated through acts of kindness, compassion, and generosity
利他主义, 无私
在当地施粥处志愿服务帮助无家可归者进食，通过为他人利益付出时间和努力展示了利他主义。
the act of using someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper credit or permission
剽窃, 抄袭
剽窃是学术写作中的严重违法行为。
an entertainer who can manipulate their voice in a way that makes it seem like it is coming from a puppet or dummy
腹语术者, 腹语表演者
她凭借精湛的木偶技艺和喜剧时机赢得才艺表演后，以口技表演者的身份成名。
the defining spirit or mood of a particular period in history, reflecting the ideas and beliefs of the time
时代精神, 时代氛围
启蒙运动以理性、怀疑主义和求知欲的时代精神为特征，导致了科学、哲学和政治思想的进步。
someone who believes that all events are predetermined and inevitable, often accepting them passively without attempting to change or influence outcomes
宿命论者, 决定论者
宿命论者拒绝采取任何行动来防止气候变化，认为无论人类干预与否，地球的毁灭都是不可避免的。
someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed
说客, 游说者
someone who derives pleasure or gratification from experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering, either inflicted by oneself or by others
受虐狂, 从痛苦中获得快感的人
受虐狂通过忍受身体上的痛苦来获得快感，通常通过从事穿刺或纹身等活动。
someone who collects, studies, or deals with coins, currency, and related items, often as a hobby or profession
钱币学家, 硬币收藏家
作为一名钱币学家，她专门研究古罗马硬币，并经常参加硬币大会以扩大她的收藏。
a healthcare professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders
眼科医生, 眼科专家
作为一名经验丰富的眼科医生，她进行了精细的眼科手术，如白内障摘除和激光视力矫正。
the intentional act of ending a person's life painlessly and without their consent, typically to relieve suffering from a terminal illness or irreversible condition
安乐死, 无痛死亡
一个家庭可能面临关于对他们正在经历无法治愈的痛苦和折磨的宠物实施安乐死的艰难决定。
a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place
疝气
