a wooden instrument of punishment on a post with holes for the wrists and neck; offenders were locked in and so exposed to public scorn
cột cắm, cột xử án
to plunder, typically during times of war or civil unrest
cướp bóc, xâm chiếm
the state of not being at a place or with a person when it is expected of one
sự vắng mặt
to release someone from blame, guilt, or obligation, clearing them of any wrongdoing
miễn tội, tha thứ
consider apart from a particular case or instance
trừu tượng hóa, trích xuất
difficult to understand due to being complex or obscure
khó hiểu, trừu tượng
unfit for a particular person, thing, or situation
không thích hợp, không phù hợp
rude and disrespectful, often toward authority or elders
bất kính, trơ trẽn
powerlessness revealed by an inability to act
sự bất lực, không có quyền lực
not capable of being carried out or put into practice
không thể thực hiện, không khả thi
give life-time employment to
cung cấp việc làm suốt đời, đưa ra công việc trọn đời
behaving in an unrestrained or unchecked manner, often to the point of being reckless or aggressive
mất kiểm soát, tràn lan
a defensive wall or embankment built around a fortification or city for protection against enemy attacks
tường thành, hào