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C2级单词表 - Society

在这里,您将学习所有关于社会的基本词汇,这些词汇是专门为C2级别的学习者收集的。

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
caste
[名词]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

种姓, 种姓制度

种姓, 种姓制度

Ex: Efforts to address caste-based discrimination require legislative measures, educational reforms, and social awareness campaigns to promote equality and inclusivity.解决基于**种姓**的歧视问题需要立法措施、教育改革和社会意识宣传活动来促进平等和包容性。
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anomie
[名词]

a state of having no moral or social principles

失范, 缺乏道德或社会原则

失范, 缺乏道德或社会原则

Ex: Addressing anomie requires strengthening social bonds , promoting a sense of community , and providing support networks to help individuals navigate periods of uncertainty and change .
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civics
[名词]

the study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens in society

公民教育, 公民学

公民教育, 公民学

Ex: Civics education is not only about understanding government institutions but also about developing critical thinking skills , empathy , and a sense of social responsibility .**公民**教育不仅关乎理解政府机构,还关乎培养批判性思维技能、同理心和社会责任感。
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denizen
[名词]

a resident in a particular place

居民, 居住者

居民, 居住者

Ex: The ancient ruins were once inhabited by the denizens of a long-forgotten civilization , leaving behind traces of their existence for archaeologists to uncover .这些古代遗迹曾是一个早已被遗忘的文明的**居民**所居住,留下了他们存在的痕迹供考古学家发现。
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‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

地球村, 全球村

地球村, 全球村

Ex: The concept of the global village emphasizes the need for cooperation and collaboration among nations to address common challenges and promote peace and prosperity for all .**地球村**的概念强调了国家间合作与协作的必要性,以应对共同挑战并促进所有人的和平与繁荣。
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grass roots
[名词]

the ordinary people with a common interest who form the foundation of a movement, organization, or political party

基层, 基层运动

基层, 基层运动

Ex: Grassroots organizing empowers regular people to have a voice in shaping policies and decisions that affect their lives.**基层**组织使普通人能够在影响他们生活的政策和决策的制定中拥有发言权。
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a concept that recognizes how different forms of discrimination and oppression, such as race, gender, and class, interact with each other

交叉性, 交叉性方法

交叉性, 交叉性方法

Ex: Intersectionality challenges us to recognize the interconnectedness of social issues and to advocate for justice and equality for all individuals , regardless of their intersecting identities .**交叉性**挑战我们去认识社会问题的相互联系,并倡导为所有个体的正义和平等,无论他们的交叉身份如何。
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othering
[名词]

the act of defining and labeling individuals or groups as different from oneself or the dominant social group

他者化, 排斥

他者化, 排斥

Ex: Othering is a pervasive phenomenon that occurs in various contexts, including politics, media, and everyday interactions, and requires ongoing efforts to dismantle stereotypes and promote inclusivity.**他者化**是一种普遍存在的现象,发生在包括政治、媒体和日常互动在内的各种背景下,需要持续的努力来消除刻板印象并促进包容性。
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commoner
[名词]

a person that does not belong to the upper class of the society

平民, 普通人

平民, 普通人

Ex: Commoners have historically been excluded from positions of political power and influence , but democratic reforms have gradually expanded political participation and representation for all citizens .**平民**历史上一直被排除在政治权力和影响力的职位之外,但民主改革逐渐扩大了所有公民的政治参与和代表权。
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inferior
[名词]

a person with a lower position than someone else

下属, 下级

下属, 下级

Ex: Overcoming the stigma of being labeled an inferior required resilience, determination, and collective action to challenge oppressive systems of hierarchy and inequality.克服被贴上**低等**标签的污名需要韧性、决心和集体行动来挑战压迫性的等级和不平等制度。
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fundraiser
[名词]

a social event held with the intention of raising money for a charity or political party

筹款活动, 慈善活动

筹款活动, 慈善活动

Ex: The fundraiser exceeded its fundraising goals , thanks to the generosity of donors and the hard work of organizers and volunteers .**筹款活动**由于捐助者的慷慨以及组织者和志愿者的辛勤工作,超出了其筹款目标。
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a sense of community concern and willingness to contribute to the public good

公共精神, 公益意识

公共精神, 公益意识

Ex: Educational programs and civic engagement initiatives play a vital role in nurturing public spirit and fostering active citizenship among citizens of all ages .教育计划和公民参与倡议在培养所有年龄段公民的**公共精神**和促进积极公民意识方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
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the collective value of social networks and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other

社会资本, 关系资本

社会资本, 关系资本

Ex: Building social capital requires investment in community-building activities, such as volunteering, civic engagement, and social gatherings, that strengthen relationships and foster a sense of belonging.建立**社会资本**需要投资于社区建设活动,如志愿服务、公民参与和社交聚会,这些活动可以加强关系并培养归属感。
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treating certain people or groups as less important, often leaving them out or limiting their opportunities

边缘化, 社会排斥

边缘化, 社会排斥

Ex: Social movements and advocacy efforts play a crucial role in raising awareness about issues of marginalization and mobilizing support for change to create a more inclusive and equitable society .社会运动和倡导工作在提高对**边缘化**问题的认识和动员支持变革以创建一个更具包容性和公平性的社会方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
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subjugation
[名词]

the act of bringing individuals or groups under control, often through oppressive measures, within a societal context

征服, 压制

征服, 压制

Ex: Slavery was a brutal form of subjugation, depriving individuals of their freedom and basic human rights .奴隶制是一种残酷的**征服**形式,剥夺了个人的自由和基本人权。
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meritocracy
[名词]

a societal system where success is determined by individual skill and ability rather than factors like wealth or social status

精英制度, 任人唯贤制度

精英制度, 任人唯贤制度

Ex: Meritocracy suggests anyone can achieve success.**精英制度**表明任何人都可以取得成功。
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matriarchy
[名词]

a society where women have primary authority and leadership roles

母权制, 母系社会

母权制, 母系社会

Ex: The household operated under a matriarchy with the grandmother in charge .这个家庭在祖母的领导下以**母系社会**的方式运作。
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pluralism
[名词]

the presence and acceptance of diverse groups within a society

多元主义, 多样性

多元主义, 多样性

Ex: Pluralism celebrates diversity in cultures , religions , and beliefs .**多元主义**颂扬文化、宗教和信仰的多样性。
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patriarchy
[名词]

a social system in which the father or the eldest male is in charge of the family and his possessions or power are passed to a male heir

父权制, 父权体系

父权制, 父权体系

Ex: Patriarchy harms not only women but also men , as it restricts the full expression of human potential and perpetuates harmful notions of masculinity that prioritize dominance and control .**父权制**不仅伤害女性,也伤害男性,因为它限制了人类潜能的充分表达,并延续了优先考虑支配和控制的有害男性气质观念。
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the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities among different social groups in society

分层, 社会分层

分层, 社会分层

Ex: Gender stratification leads to inequalities between men and women .性别**分层**导致男女之间的不平等。
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socioeconomic
[形容词]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

社会经济的, 社会经济

社会经济的, 社会经济

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on improving socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .该非营利组织专注于改善服务不足社区的**社会经济**条件。
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hegemony
[名词]

the dominance or control exercised by one group, entity, or state over others, especially in the realms of politics, culture, or ideology

霸权, 统治

霸权, 统治

Ex: The tech industry 's hegemony over digital platforms has led to concerns about the concentration of power and influence in a few major corporations .
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the belief in and advocacy for the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all individuals, regardless of their gender, race, social class, or other distinguishing characteristics

平等主义, 平等主义

平等主义, 平等主义

Ex: The educational system should embody egalitarianism, providing every student with the same opportunities to learn and succeed .教育体系应体现**平等主义**,为每个学生提供相同的学习和成功机会。
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the tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures or groups based on the standards and values of one's own, often resulting in a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group

民族中心主义, 倾向于根据自己文化的标准和价值观来评价和判断其他文化或群体,常常导致对自己文化或群体优越性的信念

民族中心主义, 倾向于根据自己文化的标准和价值观来评价和判断其他文化或群体,常常导致对自己文化或群体优越性的信念

Ex: Nationalistic attitudes often reflect ethnocentrism, with individuals viewing their own country as superior to others .民族主义态度常常反映出**民族中心主义**,个人认为自己的国家优于其他国家。
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diaspora
[名词]

the dispersion or scattering of a community or ethnic group from their ancestral or original homeland

散居, 分散

散居, 分散

Ex: Born out of displacement and persecution , the Assyrian diaspora attests to the resilience of Assyrian culture , maintained by communities dispersed across different continents .源于流离失所和迫害,亚述** diaspora**证明了亚述文化的韧性,这些文化由分散在不同大陆的社区维持。
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xenophobia
[名词]

an unreasonable dislike or prejudice against strangers or people of a different nation

仇外心理

仇外心理

Ex: Xenophobia can have damaging effects on society, contributing to social divisions, conflicts, and even violence against marginalized groups.**仇外心理**可能对社会产生破坏性影响,导致社会分裂、冲突,甚至对边缘群体的暴力行为。
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utopia
[名词]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

乌托邦, 想象中的天堂

乌托邦, 想象中的天堂

Ex: Many people hope for a utopia but find it difficult to achieve in reality .许多人希望有一个**乌托邦**,但发现它在现实中难以实现。
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a belief system that anticipates a profound transformation of society, often associated with the coming of a messianic age or a thousand-year reign (millennium) of peace and righteousness

千禧年主义, 对千禧年的信仰

千禧年主义, 对千禧年的信仰

Ex: The cult 's followers were drawn to the charismatic leader who preached millenarianism, promising a divine transformation of society .邪教的追随者被那位宣扬**千禧年主义**、承诺社会神圣变革的 charismatic leader 所吸引。
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C2级单词表
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