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C2 Level Wordlist - Society

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Society, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
caste
caste
[noun]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
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anomie
anomie
[noun]

a state of personal instability, isolation, or anxiety caused by a breakdown of social norms or regulation

Ex: After losing his job, he experienced a deep sense of anomie and purposelessness. 
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civics
civics
[noun]

the study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens in society

Ex: Civics education is essential for fostering informed and engaged citizens who can participate effectively in democratic society. 
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denizen
denizen
[noun]

a resident in a particular place

Ex: As a longtime denizen of the small coastal town, he knew everyone by name and their life stories 
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global village

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

Ex: The internet has transformed the world into a global village, allowing people from different continents to communicate instantaneously. 
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grass roots

the ordinary people with a common interest who form the foundation of a movement, organization, or political party

Ex: The movement started from the grass roots and grew nationwide. 
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intersectionality

a concept that recognizes how different forms of discrimination and oppression, such as race, gender, and class, interact with each other

Ex: Intersectionality acknowledges that individuals experience discrimination or privilege based on the intersection of multiple social identities, not just one. 
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othering
othering
[noun]

the act of defining and labeling individuals or groups as different from oneself or the dominant social group

Ex: Othering often leads to the marginalization and dehumanization of individuals or groups who are perceived as different or inferior. 
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commoner
commoner
[noun]

a person that does not belong to the upper class of the society

Ex: In feudal societies, commoners made up the majority of the population and typically worked as farmers, artisans, or laborers. 
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inferior
inferior
[noun]

a person with a lower position than someone else

Ex: In hierarchical societies, those considered inferiors often have limited opportunities for advancement and face discrimination based on their social status. 
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fundraiser

a social event held with the intention of raising money for a charity or political party

Ex: The nonprofit organization organized a successful fundraiser to raise funds for humanitarian aid in disaster-affected areas. 
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public spirit

a sense of community concern and willingness to contribute to the public good

Ex: Civic-minded individuals who volunteer their time and resources demonstrate a strong public spirit, contributing to the betterment of their communities. 
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social capital

the collective value of social networks and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other

Ex: Communities with high levels of social capital tend to have stronger bonds among residents, leading to greater resilience and support during times of adversity. 
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marginalization

the social process by which an individual or group is pushed to the edges of society, limiting their access to resources and influence

Ex: Economic policies led to the marginalization of rural communities. 
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subjugation

the state of being forced to submit to the authority or control of others

Ex: The villagers lived under the subjugation of a tyrannical ruler. 
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meritocracy

a societal system where success is determined by individual skill and ability rather than factors like wealth or social status

Ex: Meritocracy rewards hard work over family connections. 
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matriarchy

a society where women have primary authority and leadership roles

Ex: In matriarchy, women lead families and communities. 
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pluralism
pluralism
[noun]

a social or political system in which multiple racial, ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist and are tolerated

Ex: Modern democracies often embrace pluralism to protect minority rights. 
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patriarchy

a family or kinship system in which a male serves as the head and lineage is traced through the male line

Ex: In traditional patriarchies, the eldest male inherits the family estate. 
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stratification

the process of arranging people into social classes or ranks

Ex: Industrialization led to the stratification of urban society. 
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socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[Adjective]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

Ex: The study examined the socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare. 
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hegemony
hegemony
[noun]

the dominance or control exercised by one group, entity, or state over others, especially in the realms of politics, culture, or ideology

Ex: The colonial powers established hegemony over various regions, exerting control over both political and economic aspects of local societies. 
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egalitarianism

the belief in and advocacy for the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all individuals, regardless of their gender, race, social class, or other distinguishing characteristics

Ex: Egalitarianism strives for a society where all citizens have equal access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. 
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ethnocentrism

the tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures or groups based on the standards and values of one's own, often resulting in a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group

Ex: Ethnocentrism can manifest in individuals who believe that their cultural practices are superior to those of other groups. 
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diaspora
diaspora
[noun]

the dispersion or scattering of a community or ethnic group from their ancestral or original homeland

Ex: The African diaspora encompasses the global dispersion of people of African descent, resulting from historical events such as the transatlantic slave trade. 
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xenophobia

an unreasonable dislike or prejudice against strangers or people of a different nation

Ex: The community's xenophobia was evident when they attacked a local business owned by an immigrant family. 
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utopia
utopia
[noun]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 
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millenarianism

the belief, in Christian eschatology, that Christ will reign on Earth for a thousand years as described in the Book of Revelation

Ex: The sect practiced millenarianism, expecting the imminent reign of Christ. 
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