Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Energy, Resources & Environmental Events

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pylon

[noun]

a tall metal structure used for carrying high-voltage power lines above the ground

Ex: The power company erected additional pylons to meet growing electricity demands in the region .

reactor

[noun]

a large machine or structure used for producing nuclear energy

Ex: Scientists are researching advanced reactor designs for cleaner and more efficient energy production .

hydroelectricity

[noun]

electricity that is produced from the power of water

Ex: Hydroelectricity is considered a clean energy alternative to fossil fuels because it produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions.

solar cell

[noun]

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

Ex: Installing solar cells on rooftops can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower electricity bills .

wildfire

[noun]

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

Ex: Aerial firefighting efforts were deployed to suppress the wildfire from spreading further .

tidal wave

[noun]

a sudden rise of seawater onto the shore driven primarily by strong onshore winds, often compounding the normal tidal cycle

Ex: The force of a tidal wave can cause widespread destruction to infrastructure and natural habitats along coastlines .

oil rig

[noun]

a large facility used for drilling oil or gas from underground or under the sea

Ex: The oil rig was damaged during the storm , causing an oil spill into the ocean .

typhoon

[noun]

a tropical storm with violent winds moving in a circle that form over the western Pacific Ocean

Ex: Preparation for typhoons includes securing loose objects and stocking up on emergency supplies like food and water .

ice cap

[noun]

the thick coating of ice that covers a large area, mostly in polar regions

Ex: The Arctic icecap is shrinking at an alarming rate.

iceberg

[noun]

a very large floating piece of ice

Ex: The expedition team carefully navigated their ship around the towering iceberg.

El Nino

[noun]

a recurring climate pattern in the tropical Pacific Ocean characterized by above-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern regions, caused by weakened easterly trade winds and leading to significant global weather, ecological, and economic impacts

Ex: Scientists track sea surface temperatures to detect the onset of El Niño.

La Nina

[noun]

a recurring climate pattern in the Pacific Ocean characterized by below-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, driven by stronger-than-normal easterly trade winds and influencing global weather patterns

Ex: Urban planners in California grappled with water shortages when La Niña suppressed winter precipitation.

heat wave

[noun]

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

Ex: During a heat wave, it ’s important to check on elderly neighbors who may be more vulnerable to extreme temperatures .

high tide

[noun]

the highest point of the ocean's water level caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun

Ex: Engineers calculate the highest potential high tide when designing seawalls to protect against storm surges .

humidity

[noun]

the amount of moisture present in the air

Ex: The weather forecast predicted increasing humidity throughout the week , leading to a muggy atmosphere .

long-range forecast

[phrase]

a weather prediction covering weeks, months, or years ahead

Ex: Investors analyze long-range forecasts to adjust financial strategies.

torrential

[Adjective]

(of rain) exceptionally heavy, often leading to flooding and drenched landscapes

Ex: Hikers took shelter under a rocky overhang as the sky unleashed torrential rain .

haze

[noun]

a suspension of fine particles, such as dust, smoke, or moisture, in the air, causing reduced visibility

Ex: The city woke up to a haze of humidity , causing a dewy layer on surfaces throughout the neighborhood .

Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)

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