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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Energy, Resources & Environmental Events

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
pylon
pylon
[noun]

a tall metal structure used for carrying high-voltage power lines above the ground

Ex: The transmission lines were supported by tall pylons across the countryside. 
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reactor
reactor
[noun]

a large machine or structure used for producing nuclear energy

Ex: The nuclear reactor generates electricity by harnessing the energy from nuclear fission. 
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hydroelectricity

electricity that is produced from the power of water

Ex: Hydroelectricity is generated by harnessing the energy of flowing water to spin turbines. 
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solar cell

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

Ex: A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, converts sunlight directly into electricity. 
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wildfire
wildfire
[noun]

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

Ex: The wildfire spread rapidly through the dry forest due to strong winds. 
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tidal wave

a sudden rise of seawater onto the shore driven primarily by strong onshore winds, often compounding the normal tidal cycle

Ex: Gale-force winds pushed a tidal wave over the seawall, flooding the beachfront boardwalk. 
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oil rig
oil rig
[noun]

a large facility used for drilling oil or gas from underground or under the sea

Ex: The oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico extracts crude oil from deep beneath the seabed. 
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typhoon
typhoon
[noun]

a tropical storm with violent winds moving in a circle that form over the western Pacific Ocean

Ex: The typhoon brought heavy rain and strong winds, causing widespread damage to homes and infrastructure. 
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ice cap
ice cap
[noun]

the thick coating of ice that covers a large area, mostly in polar regions

Ex: The polar ice caps are melting due to climate change. 
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iceberg
iceberg
[noun]

a very large floating piece of ice

Ex: The Titanic sank after colliding with an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. 
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El Nino
El Nino
[noun]

a recurring climate pattern in the tropical Pacific Ocean characterized by above-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern regions, caused by weakened easterly trade winds and leading to significant global weather, ecological, and economic impacts

Ex: El Niño in 2015–16 caused record rainfall in Peru and droughts across Indonesia. 
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La Nina
La Nina
[noun]

a recurring climate pattern in the Pacific Ocean characterized by below-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, driven by stronger-than-normal easterly trade winds and influencing global weather patterns

Ex: During La Niña winters, farmers in the Pacific Northwest brace for wetter, cooler conditions that replenish reservoirs. 
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heat wave
heat wave
[noun]

a period of hot weather, usually hotter and longer than before

Ex: The city issued a warning for a heat wave, advising residents to stay indoors and stay hydrated. 
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high tide
high tide
[noun]

the highest point of the ocean's water level caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun

Ex: Fishermen had to wait until high tide before launching their small boats from the rocky cove. 
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humidity
humidity
[noun]

the amount of moisture present in the air

Ex: The high humidity made the summer day feel even hotter. 
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long-range forecast

a weather prediction covering weeks, months, or years ahead

Ex: The long-range forecast suggests a hotter-than-average summer this year. 
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torrential
torrential
[Adjective]

(of rain) exceptionally heavy, often leading to flooding and drenched landscapes

Ex: Commuters arrived soaked after a torrential downpour flooded the city streets. 
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haze
haze
[noun]

a suspension of fine particles, such as dust, smoke, or moisture, in the air, causing reduced visibility

Ex: The city skyline was obscured by a thick haze of pollution, reducing visibility for miles. 
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