Cambridge IELTS 17 - Academic - Test 2 - Reading - Passage 1
Learn vocabulary from Cambridge IELTS 17 Academic, Test 2 Reading Passage 1, and review useful words and expressions from this reading text.
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a roll of parchment, paper, or other material containing writing or images, often used for historical or religious texts
to care for the needs of someone or something with attention and responsibility
an area where a group of families or people live together, often in a newly established community
a person whose job is to tend, guard, and move sheep
to throw something lightly, quickly, or casually
extremely loud and harsh
a person or animal that spends time with someone and provides company
to find something or someone unexpectedly
to have or hold something within or include something as a part of a larger entity or space
an object or artifact from an ancient period, often of historical or cultural value
a piece of information or news
the act or result of discovering something, especially something valuable, rare, or previously unknown
a person whose job is to study ancient societies using facts, objects, buildings, etc. remaining in excavation sites
to dig the ground and discover something
a small piece that has broken off or become separated from a larger whole
a document, book, or musical work written by hand, especially one dating from before the invention of printing
a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ
used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ
related to or involving serious academic study
a discussion about a particular issue between two opposing sides, mainly held publicly
existing or occurring commonly
to reside in a specific place
armed forces or soldiers, especially by large numbers
believing firmly in a particular religion
a religious group with beliefs or practices, especially extreme or unusual ones, that separate them from the rest of the people with the religion
a person or animal that lives in a particular place
the act of surrounding the enemy, a town, etc. and cutting off their supplies so that they would surrender
to have something as a prominent or distinctive aspect or characteristic
to determine or figure out when something happened or was created
related to or derived from the Bible
a computer file, book, piece of paper etc. that is used as evidence or a source of information
a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area
a person or thing that does not follow a general rule or is excluded from a class or group
a unified whole created by joining or mixing two or more distinct elements or parts together
to carve or shape a material, typically wood or stone, by using a sharp-edged tool with a flat metal blade
to formulate a hypothesis to explain something, often as a starting point for further investigation or study
to resist or endure the force, pressure, or challenges imposed upon oneself
the action of transitioning from one state or condition to another
arousing interest and curiosity due to being strange or mysterious
valuable objects or wealth, especially money, precious metals, or jewels that have been collected or stored
not following established customs or norms
used to suggest that something is assumed to be true, often with a hint of doubt
a hidden or carefully guarded collection of valuables, money, or other precious items
to plunder, typically during times of war or civil unrest
a proposed explanation for a situation or set of facts that has not yet been proved
a synagogue, especially one belonging to a Reform or Conservative Jewish congregation
related to the beliefs, practices, or traditions that are in accordance with the teachings and customs of the Eastern Orthodox Church
a bishop of the highest rank who oversees other bishops and churches in a large area
to buy or begin to have something
composed of diverse, various, or unrelated items or elements
to have origins or existence that extends to a specific earlier time
a large organization that serves a religious, educational, social, or similar function
a skilled and experienced political leader who demonstrates good judgment and leadership in their decisions and actions
to repair a work of art, building, etc. so that it is in a good condition again
to translate a coded or secret message into a readable form
a clear and deep understanding of a person, situation, problem, or subject
to show, point out, or suggest the existence, presence, or nature of something
a significant change in the nature or quality of something
an object used for holding, storing, or carrying something
a member of the university faculty engaged in teaching or research
an organization or institution created for a particular function
having a strong enthusiasm, desire, or excitement for something or someone
to create something by joining separate parts or elements
happening, done, or made once every year
an official or special ceremony or event
a person who buys and sells things, usually to make money from the difference in price
no longer done, followed, or needed by people, often because something is old, broken, or replaced by something better
