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Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C2 - Human Body

Zde se naučíte všechna základní slova pro mluvení o lidském těle, sebraná speciálně pro studenty úrovně C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
trachea
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

průdušnice, trachea

průdušnice, trachea

Ex: Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure in which a hole is created in trachea to bypass an obstruction or assist with breathing .
larynx
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the hollow organ in the throat that contains the vocal cords and provides an air passage to the lungs

hrtan, hlasivková dutina

hrtan, hlasivková dutina

Ex: The muscles of larynx play a crucial role in controlling the pitch and volume of the voice during speech .
taste bud
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the group of sensory cells that are mainly on the tongue, making one recognize different tastes

chuťový pohárek, chuťový receptor

chuťový pohárek, chuťový receptor

Ex: Some people have more sensitive taste buds than others, allowing them to detect subtle differences in flavor more easily.
incisor
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the eight narrow-edged teeth at the front of the mouth that are used for biting

řezák, incisiv

řezák, incisiv

Ex: The orthodontist recommended braces to correct the misalignment of incisors.
enamel
[Podstatné jméno]

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

sklovina, zubní sklovina

sklovina, zubní sklovina

Ex: Enamel can be damaged by excessive brushing, grinding teeth, or trauma to the mouth.
phlegm
[Podstatné jméno]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

hlen, sputum

hlen, sputum

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .
sinus
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any hollow tract in the bones of the face or the skull that is connected to the nasal cavities

sinus, dutin

sinus, dutin

Ex: The frontal sinuses are located above the eyes, and inflammation in this area can cause headaches and discomfort in the forehead.
lobe
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) a rounded part of an organ, such as, lungs or brain that seems to be separate in some way from the rest

lalok, úsek

lalok, úsek

Ex: The liver is divided into lobes , with the right lobe being larger than the lobe.
cortex
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

kůra (mozková), kortex

kůra (mozková), kortex

Ex: The cortex, located in the parietal lobe , receives and processes sensory information from the skin , muscles , and joints .
iris
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the round colored portion of the eye around the pupil and behind the cornea

duhovka, iris

duhovka, iris

Ex: Abnormalities in the iris, such as heterochromia or anisocoria, can be indicative of underlying eye conditions or neurological disorders.
retina
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

sítnice, retina

sítnice, retina

Ex: retina undergoes continuous renewal , with photoreceptor cells being replaced throughout a person 's life .
cornea
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

rohovka, rohovkové pouzdro

rohovka, rohovkové pouzdro

Ex: Corneal transplantation, also known as a corneal graft, may be necessary to restore vision in cases of severe corneal damage or disease.
eardrum
[Podstatné jméno]

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

bubínek, tympan

bubínek, tympan

Ex: Pressure changes during air travel can sometimes cause discomfort or pain in the ears due to unequal pressure on eardrums.
trunk
[Podstatné jméno]

the body of an animal or human, except the limbs and head

trup, kmen

trup, kmen

Ex: In anatomy , trunk refers to the main part of the body , excluding the head , neck , arms , and legs , where vital organs and major blood vessels are housed .
bile
[Podstatné jméno]

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

žluč, žlučovina

žluč, žlučovina

Ex: After a fatty meal , the gallbladder contracts , bile into the duodenum to facilitate the digestion and absorption of dietary fats .
pancreas
[Podstatné jméno]

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

pankreas, slinivka břišní

pankreas, slinivka břišní

Ex: The islets of Langerhans within pancreas contain beta cells that produce insulin , essential for glucose metabolism and energy production in the body .
spleen
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

slezina, slezinová žláza

slezina, slezinová žláza

Ex: spleen also serves as a reservoir for platelets and white blood cells , releasing them into circulation as needed to support the immune response .
colon
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the main part of the large intestine, between the caecum to the rectum, where water is removed from solid waste

tlusté střevo, colon

tlusté střevo, colon

Ex: A colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine colon for abnormalities , such as polyps or tumors , and to screen for colorectal cancer .
pelvis
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

pánev, pelvis

pánev, pelvis

Ex: pelvis is a key component of the human skeletal system , providing support and protection to internal organs .
cervix
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the narrow outer opening of the womb or uterus of a female

děložní čípek, cervix

děložní čípek, cervix

Ex: In some cases , cervix may be artificially dilated using medication or surgical techniques to facilitate certain medical procedures , such as childbirth or the insertion of an intrauterine device ( IUD ) .
urethra
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the tube in most mammals that carries urine out of the body, which also carries sperm in males

močová trubice, uretra

močová trubice, uretra

Ex: urethra is surrounded by muscles known as the urethral sphincters , which help control the flow of urine and semen .
bone marrow
[Podstatné jméno]

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

kostní dřeň, dřeň kosti

kostní dřeň, dřeň kosti

Ex: Diseases such as leukemia and multiple myeloma can affect the production of blood cells in bone marrow, leading to serious health complications .
esophagus
[Podstatné jméno]

a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, allowing for the passage of food and liquids during digestion

jícen, trubice jícnová

jícen, trubice jícnová

Ex: A blockage or narrowing of esophagus, called esophageal stricture , can make it difficult or painful to swallow food or liquids .
epidermis
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the skin that overlays the dermis

epidermis, povrchová vrstva kůže

epidermis, povrchová vrstva kůže

Ex: Tattoos are inked into the dermis layer beneath the outer epidermis.
Achilles tendon
[Podstatné jméno]

a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

Achillova šlacha, Achillesova šlacha

Achillova šlacha, Achillesova šlacha

Ex: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help prevent injuries to Achilles tendon by improving flexibility and resilience .
femur
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

femur, humerus

femur, humerus

Ex: femur plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and enabling activities such as walking , running , and jumping .
scapula
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

lopatka, scapula

lopatka, scapula

Ex: scapula has several important bony landmarks , including the acromion and the coracoid process , which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments .
renal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the kidneys or their function

renální, ledvinový

renální, ledvinový

Ex: Renal health is vital for maintaining proper fluid balance and filtering waste from the body .
intestinal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

střevní, intestinalní

střevní, intestinalní

Ex: Intestinal motility refers to the movement of food and waste through the intestines , regulated by muscular contractions called peristalsis .
canine
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the four pointed teeth that are between the incisors and premolars, used for tearing food

čelistní zub, křečový zub

čelistní zub, křečový zub

Ex: Canines are sharper than the other teeth .
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