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C2レベルの単語リスト - Human Body

ここでは、C2レベルの学習者向けに特別に集められた、人体について話すためのすべての基本的な単語を学びます。

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
trachea
[名詞]

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

気管, トラケア

気管, トラケア

Ex: Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure in which a hole is created in the trachea to bypass an obstruction or assist with breathing .**気管切開**は、**気管**に穴を開けて閉塞を回避したり呼吸を補助したりする外科的処置です。
larynx
[名詞]

(anatomy) the hollow organ in the throat that contains the vocal cords and provides an air passage to the lungs

喉頭, 声帯箱

喉頭, 声帯箱

Ex: The muscles of the larynx play a crucial role in controlling the pitch and volume of the voice during speech .**喉頭**の筋肉は、発話中の声の高さと音量を制御する上で重要な役割を果たします。
taste bud
[名詞]

any of the group of sensory cells that are mainly on the tongue, making one recognize different tastes

味蕾, 味覚芽

味蕾, 味覚芽

Ex: Some people have more sensitive taste buds than others, allowing them to detect subtle differences in flavor more easily.一部の人々は他の人よりも敏感な**味蕾**を持っており、風味の微妙な違いをより簡単に検出することができます。
incisor
[名詞]

(anatomy) any of the eight narrow-edged teeth at the front of the mouth that are used for biting

切歯, 前歯

切歯, 前歯

Ex: The orthodontist recommended braces to correct the misalignment of her incisors.矯正歯科医は、彼女の**切歯**の不揃いを矯正するためにブラケットを勧めました。
enamel
[名詞]

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

エナメル, 歯のエナメル質

エナメル, 歯のエナメル質

Ex: Enamel can be damaged by excessive brushing, grinding teeth, or trauma to the mouth.**エナメル質**は、過度のブラッシング、歯ぎしり、または口への外傷によって損傷する可能性があります。
phlegm
[名詞]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

痰, 粘液

痰, 粘液

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to reduce phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .市販薬は**痰**の生成を減らし、鼻づまりや咳の症状を和らげるのに役立つかもしれません。
sinus
[名詞]

(anatomy) any hollow tract in the bones of the face or the skull that is connected to the nasal cavities

洞, 副鼻腔

洞, 副鼻腔

Ex: The frontal sinuses are located above the eyes, and inflammation in this area can cause headaches and discomfort in the forehead.前頭**洞**は目の上に位置し、この領域の炎症は頭痛や額の不快感を引き起こす可能性があります。
lobe
[名詞]

(anatomy) a rounded part of an organ, such as, lungs or brain that seems to be separate in some way from the rest

葉, 丸みを帯びた部分

葉, 丸みを帯びた部分

Ex: The liver is divided into lobes , with the right lobe being larger than the left lobe.肝臓は**葉**に分かれており、右**葉**は左**葉**よりも大きい。
cortex
[名詞]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

皮質, 大脳皮質

皮質, 大脳皮質

Ex: The somatosensory cortex, located in the parietal lobe , receives and processes sensory information from the skin , muscles , and joints .頭頂葉にある体性感覚**皮質**は、皮膚、筋肉、関節からの感覚情報を受け取り処理します。
iris
[名詞]

(anatomy) the round colored portion of the eye around the pupil and behind the cornea

虹彩

虹彩

Ex: Abnormalities in the iris, such as heterochromia or anisocoria , can be indicative of underlying eye conditions or neurological disorders .**虹彩**の異常、例えば虹彩異色症や瞳孔不同は、潜在的な眼の状態や神経学的障害を示している可能性があります。
retina
[名詞]

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

網膜, レチナ

網膜, レチナ

Ex: The retina undergoes continuous renewal , with photoreceptor cells being replaced throughout a person 's life .**網膜**は、光受容細胞が人の一生を通じて置き換えられることで、継続的に更新されます。
cornea
[名詞]

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

角膜, 目の透明な層

角膜, 目の透明な層

Ex: Corneal transplantation, also known as a corneal graft, may be necessary to restore vision in cases of severe corneal damage or disease.**角膜**移植、または角膜グラフトとしても知られる手術は、重度の角膜損傷や疾患の場合に視力を回復するために必要となることがあります。
eardrum
[名詞]

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

鼓膜, チンパニック膜

鼓膜, チンパニック膜

Ex: Pressure changes during air travel can sometimes cause discomfort or pain in the ears due to unequal pressure on the eardrums.飛行中の気圧の変化により、**鼓膜**にかかる圧力が不均一になることで、時々耳に不快感や痛みを引き起こすことがあります。
trunk
[名詞]

the body of an animal or human, except the limbs and head

胴体, 体幹

胴体, 体幹

Ex: In anatomy , the trunk refers to the main part of the body , excluding the head , neck , arms , and legs , where vital organs and major blood vessels are housed .解剖学において、**胴体**は、頭、首、腕、脚を除いた体の主要部分を指し、重要な臓器や主要な血管が収まっています。
bile
[名詞]

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

胆汁, 胆液

胆汁, 胆液

Ex: After a fatty meal , the gallbladder contracts , releasing bile into the duodenum to facilitate the digestion and absorption of dietary fats .脂肪の多い食事の後、胆嚢は収縮し、**胆汁**を十二指腸に放出して、食事中の脂肪の消化と吸収を助けます。
pancreas
[名詞]

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

膵臓, 膵腺

膵臓, 膵腺

Ex: The islets of Langerhans within the pancreas contain beta cells that produce insulin , essential for glucose metabolism and energy production in the body .膵臓内のランゲルハンス島には、グルコース代謝と体内でのエネルギー生産に不可欠なインスリンを産生するベータ細胞が含まれています。
spleen
[名詞]

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

脾臓, ひぞう

脾臓, ひぞう

Ex: The spleen also serves as a reservoir for platelets and white blood cells , releasing them into circulation as needed to support the immune response .**脾臓**はまた、血小板と白血球の貯蔵庫として機能し、免疫応答をサポートするために必要に応じてそれらを循環に放出します。
colon
[名詞]

(anatomy) the main part of the large intestine, between the caecum to the rectum, where water is removed from solid waste

結腸, 大腸

結腸, 大腸

Ex: A colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the colon for abnormalities , such as polyps or tumors , and to screen for colorectal cancer .**大腸内視鏡検査**は、ポリープや腫瘍などの異常を調べ、大腸癌をスクリーニングするために使用される手順です。
pelvis
[名詞]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

骨盤, ペルビス

骨盤, ペルビス

Ex: The pelvis is a key component of the human skeletal system , providing support and protection to internal organs .**骨盤**は人間の骨格系の重要な構成要素であり、内臓を支え保護します。
cervix
[名詞]

(anatomy) the narrow outer opening of the womb or uterus of a female

子宮頸部, 子宮頸

子宮頸部, 子宮頸

Ex: In some cases , the cervix may be artificially dilated using medication or surgical techniques to facilitate certain medical procedures , such as childbirth or the insertion of an intrauterine device ( IUD ) .場合によっては、**子宮頸部**を薬物または外科的技術を用いて人工的に拡張し、出産や子宮内避妊器具(IUD)の挿入などの特定の医療処置を容易にすることがあります。
urethra
[名詞]

(anatomy) the tube in most mammals that carries urine out of the body, which also carries sperm in males

尿道, 尿路

尿道, 尿路

Ex: The urethra is surrounded by muscles known as the urethral sphincters , which help control the flow of urine and semen .**尿道**は、尿と精液の流れを制御するのに役立つ尿道括約筋として知られる筋肉に囲まれています。
bone marrow
[名詞]

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

骨髄, 髄

骨髄, 髄

Ex: Diseases such as leukemia and multiple myeloma can affect the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to serious health complications .白血病や多発性骨髄腫などの疾患は、**骨髄**における血液細胞の生成に影響を与え、深刻な健康上の合併症を引き起こす可能性があります。
esophagus
[名詞]

a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, allowing for the passage of food and liquids during digestion

食道, 食物管

食道, 食物管

Ex: A blockage or narrowing of the esophagus, called esophageal stricture , can make it difficult or painful to swallow food or liquids .**食道**の閉塞または狭窄(食道狭窄と呼ばれる)は、食物や液体を飲み込むことを困難または痛みを伴うものにする可能性があります。
epidermis
[名詞]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the skin that overlays the dermis

表皮, 皮膚の外層

表皮, 皮膚の外層

Ex: Tattoos are inked into the dermis layer beneath the outer protective epidermis.タトゥーは、外側の保護 **表皮** の下の真皮層にインクで描かれます。

a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

アキレス腱, 踵腱

アキレス腱, 踵腱

Ex: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help prevent injuries to the Achilles tendon by improving flexibility and resilience .ストレッチや筋力トレーニングは、柔軟性と回復力を向上させることで、**アキレス腱**の怪我を防ぐのに役立ちます。
femur
[名詞]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

大腿骨

大腿骨

Ex: The femur plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and enabling activities such as walking , running , and jumping .**大腿骨**は、体重を支え、歩行、走行、ジャンプなどの活動を可能にする上で重要な役割を果たします。
scapula
[名詞]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

肩甲骨, スキャプラ

肩甲骨, スキャプラ

Ex: The scapula has several important bony landmarks , including the acromion and the coracoid process , which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments .**肩甲骨**には、筋肉や靭帯の付着点として機能する肩峰や烏口突起など、いくつかの重要な骨のランドマークがあります。
renal
[形容詞]

relating to the kidneys or their function

腎臓の, 腎臓に関連する

腎臓の, 腎臓に関連する

Ex: Renal health is vital for maintaining proper fluid balance and filtering waste from the body .**腎臓**の健康は、適切な体液バランスを維持し、体から老廃物を濾過するために不可欠です。
intestinal
[形容詞]

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

腸の, 腸管の

腸の, 腸管の

Ex: Intestinal motility refers to the movement of food and waste through the intestines , regulated by muscular contractions called peristalsis .**腸**の運動性とは、蠕動と呼ばれる筋肉の収縮によって調節される、食物や廃棄物が腸を通って移動することを指します。
canine
[名詞]

(anatomy) any of the four pointed teeth that are between the incisors and premolars, used for tearing food

犬歯, 糸切り歯

犬歯, 糸切り歯

Ex: Canines are sharper than the other teeth .**犬歯**は他の歯よりも鋭いです。
C2レベルの単語リスト
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