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Kosakata untuk IELTS Academic (Skor 8-9) - Geologi

Di sini, Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang berkaitan dengan Geologi yang diperlukan untuk ujian IELTS Akademik.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
plate
plate
[Kata benda]

a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

lempeng, lempeng tektonik

lempeng, lempeng tektonik

Ex: The Indian Plate colliding with the Eurasian Plate has formed the Himalayan mountain range. 

Tabrakan lempeng India dengan lempeng Eurasia telah membentuk pegunungan Himalaya.

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tectonics
tectonics
[Kata benda]

the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

tektonik, studi lempeng tektonik

tektonik, studi lempeng tektonik

Ex: International collaboration is common in tectonics research, fostering a global effort to uncover the mysteries of Earth's lithospheric behavior. 

Kolaborasi internasional umum dalam penelitian tektonik, mendorong upaya global untuk mengungkap misteri perilaku litosfer Bumi.

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fissure
fissure
[Kata benda]

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

retakan, celah

retakan, celah

Ex: Deep fissures lined the walls of the crumbling canyon formed by erosion over centuries. 

Retakan dalam melapisi dinding ngarai yang runtuh yang terbentuk oleh erosi selama berabad-abad.

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subduction
subduction
[Kata benda]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subduksi, penenggelaman

subduksi, penenggelaman

Ex: Subduction zones are often associated with deep ocean trenches, such as the Peru-Chile Trench along the western coast of South America. 

Zona subduksi sering dikaitkan dengan parit samudra dalam, seperti Parit Peru-Chili di sepanjang pantai barat Amerika Selatan.

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isostasy
isostasy
[Kata benda]

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

isostasi, keseimbangan isostatik

isostasi, keseimbangan isostatik

Ex: The concept of isostasy helps explain the elevated elevations of continental shields, where thicker crust extends beneath the Earth's surface. 

Konsep isostasi membantu menjelaskan ketinggian yang tinggi dari perisai benua, di mana kerak yang lebih tebal membentang di bawah permukaan Bumi.

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lithosphere
lithosphere
[Kata benda]

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

litosfer, lapisan luar kaku Bumi

litosfer, lapisan luar kaku Bumi

Ex: The lithosphere contains diverse geological features, from vast mountain ranges to deep ocean trenches. 

Litosfer mengandung berbagai fitur geologis, mulai dari pegunungan yang luas hingga parit samudera yang dalam.

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asthenosphere
asthenosphere
[Kata benda]

a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

astenosfer, lapisan batuan semi-cair di bawah kerak Bumi

astenosfer, lapisan batuan semi-cair di bawah kerak Bumi

Ex: It plays a role in the formation of mid-ocean ridges, where magma rises from the asthenosphere, creating new oceanic crust. 

Ini berperan dalam pembentukan punggung tengah samudra, di mana magma naik dari astenosfer, menciptakan kerak samudra baru.

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karst
karst
[Kata benda]

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

karst, lanskap karst

karst, lanskap karst

Ex: Karst regions are vulnerable to erosion and subsidence due to the dissolution of the underlying rock, leading to the formation of unique landforms and geological features. 

Wilayah karst rentan terhadap erosi dan penurunan tanah akibat pelarutan batuan dasar, yang mengarah pada pembentukan bentang alam dan fitur geologi yang unik.

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orogeny
orogeny
[Kata benda]

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

orogenesis, pembentukan pegunungan

orogenesis, pembentukan pegunungan

Ex: The Alps in Europe are a consequence of the collision between the African and Eurasian plates, demonstrating orogeny. 

Pegunungan Alpen di Eropa adalah akibat dari tabrakan antara lempeng Afrika dan Eurasia, yang menunjukkan orogeni.

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geode
geode
[Kata benda]

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

geode, rongga kristal

geode, rongga kristal

Ex: Explorers discovered a large geode in a limestone cave, revealing intricate crystal formations within its hollow cavity. 

Para penjelajah menemukan geode besar di gua batu kapur, mengungkap formasi kristal yang rumit di dalam rongga berongganya.

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kimberlite
kimberlite
[Kata benda]

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

kimberlite, batuan kimberlit

kimberlite, batuan kimberlit

Ex: Kimberlite is a key rock type in the diamond industry, as it often hosts primary diamond deposits. 

Kimberlite adalah jenis batuan kunci dalam industri berlian, karena sering menjadi tempat deposit berlian primer.

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glaciation
glaciation
[Kata benda]

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

glasiasi, zaman es

glasiasi, zaman es

Ex: Glaciation in the Pleistocene epoch left behind moraines, creating undulating terrain across many regions. 

Glasiasi pada zaman Pleistosen meninggalkan moraine, menciptakan medan bergelombang di banyak wilayah.

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moraine
moraine
[Kata benda]

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

moraine, endapan gletser

moraine, endapan gletser

Ex: As the glacier melted, it left behind a series of recessional moraines, documenting its gradual retreat. 

Saat gletser mencair, ia meninggalkan serangkaian moraine resesional, mendokumentasikan penarikan bertahapnya.

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drumlin
drumlin
[Kata benda]

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

drumlin, bukit memanjang yang terbentuk oleh aksi glasial

drumlin, bukit memanjang yang terbentuk oleh aksi glasial

Ex: Researchers studied the orientation of drumlins to reconstruct the flow direction of the ancient ice sheet. 

Para peneliti mempelajari orientasi drumlin untuk merekonstruksi arah aliran lapisan es kuno.

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seismology
seismology
[Kata benda]

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

seismologi, studi tentang gempa bumi

seismologi, studi tentang gempa bumi

Ex: Advances in seismology have improved our ability to predict and assess earthquake risks in specific regions. 

Kemajuan dalam seismologi telah meningkatkan kemampuan kita untuk memprediksi dan menilai risiko gempa bumi di wilayah tertentu.

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caldera
caldera
[Kata benda]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

kaldera, kawah gunung berapi

kaldera, kawah gunung berapi

Ex: The Tambora Caldera in Indonesia is associated with the powerful eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815. 

Kaldera Tambora di Indonesia dikaitkan dengan letusan dahsyat Gunung Tambora pada tahun 1815.

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diagenesis
diagenesis
[Kata benda]

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

diagenesis, proses diagenesis

diagenesis, proses diagenesis

Ex: The process of diagenesis can transform loose sediment into solid rock, such as sandstone, shale, or limestone, over geological time scales. 

Proses diagenesis dapat mengubah sedimen lepas menjadi batuan padat, seperti batu pasir, serpih, atau batu kapur, dalam skala waktu geologis.

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