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Ordförråd för IELTS Academic (Poäng 8-9) - Geology

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till geologi som är nödvändiga för det akademiska IELTS-provet.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
plate
[Substantiv]

a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

platta, tektonisk platta

platta, tektonisk platta

Ex: The movement of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate leads to the formation of the Andes and volcanic activity.Rörelsen av Nazca-**plattan** under den sydamerikanska **plattan** leder till bildandet av Anderna och vulkanisk aktivitet.
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tectonics
[Substantiv]

the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

tektonik, studiet av tektoniska plattor

tektonik, studiet av tektoniska plattor

Ex: Tectonics is a multidisciplinary science that integrates geophysics , geology , and geochemistry to unravel the complexities of Earth 's lithospheric processes .**Tektonik** är en multidisciplinär vetenskap som integrerar geofysik, geologi och geokemi för att reda ut komplexiteten i jordens litosfäriska processer.
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fissure
[Substantiv]

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

spricka, klyfta

spricka, klyfta

Ex: The tectonic plates pulled apart , causing a new fissure to emerge in the earth 's surface .
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subduction
[Substantiv]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subduktion, nedsänkning

subduktion, nedsänkning

Ex: The Ring of Fire is a prominent zone of subduction-related volcanic and seismic activity encircling the Pacific Ocean basin.Eldringen är en framträdande zon av vulkanisk och seismisk aktivitet relaterad till **subduktion** som omger Stilla havets bassäng.
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isostasy
[Substantiv]

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

isostasi, isostatisk jämvikt

isostasi, isostatisk jämvikt

Ex: Isostasy is a fundamental principle in geophysics, guiding our understanding of the dynamic balance between Earth's rigid and fluid layers.**Isostasi** är en grundläggande princip inom geofysik, som vägleder vår förståelse av den dynamiska balansen mellan jordens stela och flytande lager.
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lithosphere
[Substantiv]

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

litosfären, jordens stela yttre lager

litosfären, jordens stela yttre lager

Ex: The lithosphere is in constant motion , with plates drifting and interacting over geological time scales .**Litiosfären** är i konstant rörelse, med plattor som driver och interagerar över geologiska tidsskalor.
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asthenosphere
[Substantiv]

a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

astenosfären, halvflytande berglager under jordskorpan

astenosfären, halvflytande berglager under jordskorpan

Ex: The movement of magma from the asthenosphere to the Earth's surface leads to volcanic activity in regions like the Pacific Ring of Fire.Rörelsen av magma från **astenosfären** till jordens yta leder till vulkanisk aktivitet i regioner som Stilla havets eldring.
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karst
[Substantiv]

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

karst, karstlandskap

karst, karstlandskap

Ex: Karst aquifers are important sources of groundwater for drinking water and irrigation in many regions around the world, but they are also susceptible to contamination and pollution.**Karst**-akvifärer är viktiga källor till grundvatten för dricksvatten och bevattning i många regioner runt om i världen, men de är också mottagliga för förorening och förunrening.
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orogeny
[Substantiv]

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

orogenes, bergbildning

orogenes, bergbildning

Ex: The Appalachian orogeny played a role in the formation of the supercontinent Laurasia during the Paleozoic era .Appalachiska **orogenesen** spelade en roll i bildandet av superkontinenten Laurasia under den paleozoiska eran.
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geode
[Substantiv]

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

geod, kristallhåla

geod, kristallhåla

Ex: During a field trip , students unearthed a geode in a riverbed , marveling at the hidden treasures inside .
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kimberlite
[Substantiv]

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

kimberlit, kimberlitisk bergart

kimberlit, kimberlitisk bergart

Ex: Prospecting teams use geophysical methods to locate potential kimberlite pipes beneath the Earth 's surface .Prospekteringslag använder geofysiska metoder för att lokalisera potentiella **kimberlit**-rör under jordens yta.
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glaciation
[Substantiv]

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

glaciation, istid

glaciation, istid

Ex: Glaciation played a role in shaping the iconic Yosemite Valley in California .**Glaciation** spelade en roll i att forma den ikoniska Yosemite-dalen i Kalifornien.
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moraine
[Substantiv]

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

morän, glaciär avlagring

morän, glaciär avlagring

Ex: Medial moraines, resulting from the merging of two glaciers , were observed in the high mountain ranges .Mediala **moräner**, som uppstår när två glaciärer flyter samman, observerades i de höga bergskedjorna.
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drumlin
[Substantiv]

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

drumlin, strömlinjeformad

drumlin, strömlinjeformad

Ex: As the ice sheet advanced , it left behind a series of drumlins, each bearing evidence of its journey .När inlandsisen framryckte lämnade den efter sig en serie **drumliner**, var och en bärande bevis på sin resa.
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seismology
[Substantiv]

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

seismologi, studie av jordbävningar

seismologi, studie av jordbävningar

Ex: The principles of seismology are applied to investigate the effects of earthquakes on structures and infrastructure .Principerna för **seismologi** tillämpas för att undersöka jordbävningars effekter på strukturer och infrastruktur.
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caldera
[Substantiv]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

kaldera, vulkanisk krater

kaldera, vulkanisk krater

Ex: The Aira Caldera in Japan contains the active Sakurajima volcano and forms Kagoshima Bay.Aira-**calderan** i Japan innehåller den aktiva vulkanen Sakurajima och bildar Kagoshima Bay.
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diagenesis
[Substantiv]

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

diagenes, diagenesprocessen

diagenes, diagenesprocessen

Ex: The study of diagenesis provides insights into the history of sedimentary rocks and the environmental conditions present during their formation, as well as their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs.Studiet av **diagenes** ger insikter om de sedimentära bergarternas historia och de miljöförhållanden som fanns under deras bildning, samt deras potential som kolvätereservoarer.
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Ordförråd för IELTS Academic (Poäng 8-9)
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