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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9) - Geology

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la geología que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
plate
[Sustantivo]

a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

placa, placa tectónica

placa, placa tectónica

Ex: The movement of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate leads to the formation of the Andes and volcanic activity.El movimiento de la **placa** de Nazca debajo de la **placa** Sudamericana conduce a la formación de los Andes y a la actividad volcánica.
tectonics
[Sustantivo]

the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

tectónica, estudio de las placas tectónicas

tectónica, estudio de las placas tectónicas

Ex: Tectonics is a multidisciplinary science that integrates geophysics , geology , and geochemistry to unravel the complexities of Earth 's lithospheric processes .La **tectónica** es una ciencia multidisciplinaria que integra la geofísica, la geología y la geoquímica para desentrañar las complejidades de los procesos litosféricos de la Tierra.
fissure
[Sustantivo]

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

fisura

fisura

Ex: The tectonic plates pulled apart , causing a new fissure to emerge in the earth 's surface .
subduction
[Sustantivo]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subducción, hundimiento

subducción, hundimiento

Ex: The Ring of Fire is a prominent zone of subduction-related volcanic and seismic activity encircling the Pacific Ocean basin.El Anillo de Fuego es una zona prominente de actividad volcánica y sísmica relacionada con la **subducción** que rodea la cuenca del Océano Pacífico.
isostasy
[Sustantivo]

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

isostasia, equilibrio isostático

isostasia, equilibrio isostático

Ex: Isostasy is a fundamental principle in geophysics, guiding our understanding of the dynamic balance between Earth's rigid and fluid layers.**Isostasia** es un principio fundamental en geofísica, que guía nuestra comprensión del equilibrio dinámico entre las capas rígidas y fluidas de la Tierra.
lithosphere
[Sustantivo]

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

litosfera, capa rígida externa de la Tierra

litosfera, capa rígida externa de la Tierra

Ex: The lithosphere is in constant motion , with plates drifting and interacting over geological time scales .La **litosfera** está en constante movimiento, con placas que se desplazan e interactúan a lo largo de escalas de tiempo geológicas.
asthenosphere
[Sustantivo]

a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

astenósfera, capa semi-fluida bajo la corteza terrestre

astenósfera, capa semi-fluida bajo la corteza terrestre

Ex: The movement of magma from the asthenosphere to the Earth's surface leads to volcanic activity in regions like the Pacific Ring of Fire.El movimiento del magma desde la **astenosfera** hasta la superficie de la Tierra conduce a actividad volcánica en regiones como el Anillo de Fuego del Pacífico.
karst
[Sustantivo]

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

karst, paisaje kárstico

karst, paisaje kárstico

Ex: Karst aquifers are important sources of groundwater for drinking water and irrigation in many regions around the world, but they are also susceptible to contamination and pollution.Los acuíferos **kársticos** son fuentes importantes de agua subterránea para agua potable y riego en muchas regiones del mundo, pero también son susceptibles a la contaminación y la polución.
orogeny
[Sustantivo]

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

orogénesis, orogenia

orogénesis, orogenia

Ex: The Appalachian orogeny played a role in the formation of the supercontinent Laurasia during the Paleozoic era .La **orogénesis** de los Apalaches jugó un papel en la formación del supercontinente Laurasia durante la era Paleozoica.
geode
[Sustantivo]

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

geoda, drusa

geoda, drusa

Ex: During a field trip , students unearthed a geode in a riverbed , marveling at the hidden treasures inside .
kimberlite
[Sustantivo]

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

kimberlita, roca kimberlítica

kimberlita, roca kimberlítica

Ex: Prospecting teams use geophysical methods to locate potential kimberlite pipes beneath the Earth 's surface .Los equipos de prospección utilizan métodos geofísicos para localizar posibles tubos de **kimberlita** bajo la superficie terrestre.
glaciation
[Sustantivo]

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

glaciación, periodo glacial

glaciación, periodo glacial

Ex: Glaciation played a role in shaping the iconic Yosemite Valley in California .La **glaciación** jugó un papel en la formación del icónico Valle de Yosemite en California.
moraine
[Sustantivo]

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

morena, depósito morrénico

morena, depósito morrénico

Ex: Medial moraines, resulting from the merging of two glaciers , were observed in the high mountain ranges .Las **morrenas** mediales, resultantes de la fusión de dos glaciares, fueron observadas en las altas cordilleras.
drumlin
[Sustantivo]

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

drumlin, colina alargada formada por acción glaciar

drumlin, colina alargada formada por acción glaciar

Ex: As the ice sheet advanced , it left behind a series of drumlins, each bearing evidence of its journey .A medida que el casquete glaciar avanzaba, dejaba atrás una serie de **drumlins**, cada uno mostrando evidencia de su viaje.
seismology
[Sustantivo]

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

sismología, estudio de los terremotos

sismología, estudio de los terremotos

Ex: The principles of seismology are applied to investigate the effects of earthquakes on structures and infrastructure .Los principios de la **sismología** se aplican para investigar los efectos de los terremotos en las estructuras y la infraestructura.
caldera
[Sustantivo]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

caldera, cráter volcánico

caldera, cráter volcánico

Ex: The Aira Caldera in Japan contains the active Sakurajima volcano and forms Kagoshima Bay.La **caldera** Aira en Japón alberga el volcán activo Sakurajima y forma la bahía de Kagoshima.
diagenesis
[Sustantivo]

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

diagénesis, la diagénesis

diagénesis, la diagénesis

Ex: The study of diagenesis provides insights into the history of sedimentary rocks and the environmental conditions present during their formation, as well as their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs.El estudio de la **diagénesis** proporciona información sobre la historia de las rocas sedimentarias y las condiciones ambientales presentes durante su formación, así como su potencial como reservorios de hidrocarburos.
Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9)
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