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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア8-9) - Geology
ここでは、アカデミック IELTS 試験に必要な地質学に関連する英単語を学びます。
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a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
プレート, 板状地殻
the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity
テクトニクス, 地殻運動学
(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it
亀裂（きれつ）, 割れ目（われめ）
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
沈み込み, サブダクション
the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation
アイソスタシー, 等重力
the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates
リソスフェア, 岩石圏
a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move
アセノスフェア, アセノスフェア層
a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems
カルスト, 石灰岩地形
the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates
造山運動 (ぞうざんうんどう), オロジェニー
a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities
ジオード, 空洞鉱石
a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining
キンバライト, ダイヤモンド鉱石
the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms
氷河作用, 氷期
a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus
モレーン, 氷堆石
a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement
ドラムリン, 流線型丘
the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards
地震学 (じしんがく), 地震解析学 (じしんかいせきがく)
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
カルデラ, 火口跡
the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock
堆積物の対生成, 堆積作用
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