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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Geology

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la géologie qui sont nécessaires à l'examen académique IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
plate
[nom]

a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

plaque tectonique, plaque géologique

plaque tectonique, plaque géologique

the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

tectonique, tétralogie

tectonique, tétralogie

fissure
[nom]

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

fissure, fente

fissure, fente

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subduction, subduction tectonique

subduction, subduction tectonique

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

isostasie, équilibre isostatique

isostasie, équilibre isostatique

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

lithosphère, croûte terrestre

lithosphère, croûte terrestre

a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

asthénosphère, asthénospheric layer

asthénosphère, asthénospheric layer

karst
[nom]

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

karst, karste

karst, karste

orogeny
[nom]

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

orogénèse, formation montagneuse

orogénèse, formation montagneuse

geode
[nom]

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

géode, geode

géode, geode

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

kimberlite, roche kimberlitique

kimberlite, roche kimberlitique

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

glaciation, glaciation géologique

glaciation, glaciation géologique

moraine
[nom]

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

moraine, glacier terminal

moraine, glacier terminal

drumlin
[nom]

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

drumlin, morène allongée

drumlin, morène allongée

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

sismologie, séismologie

sismologie, séismologie

caldera
[nom]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

caldeira, caldeira volcanique

caldeira, caldeira volcanique

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

diagenèse, diagenesis

diagenèse, diagenesis

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