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学术类雅思 (8分及以上) - Geology

在这里,您将学习一些雅思学术考试所需的与地质学相关的英语单词。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
plate
[名词]

a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

构造板块, 地壳板块

构造板块, 地壳板块

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tectonics
[名词]

the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

构造学, 地壳构造

构造学, 地壳构造

Ex: Tectonics is a multidisciplinary science that integrates geophysics , geology , and geochemistry to unravel the complexities of Earth 's lithospheric processes .
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fissure
[名词]

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

裂缝, 沟槽

裂缝, 沟槽

Ex: The tectonic plates pulled apart , causing a fissure to emerge in the earth 's surface .
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subduction
[名词]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

俯冲, 下沉

俯冲, 下沉

Ex: Japan experiences frequent earthquakes due to subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Philippine Sea Plate .
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isostasy
[名词]

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

等静压, 压平衡

等静压, 压平衡

Ex: The concept isostasy is crucial in understanding the dynamics of crustal movement and subsidence in areas with sedimentary basins .
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lithosphere
[名词]

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

岩石圈,  lithosphere

岩石圈, lithosphere

Ex: lithosphere is in constant motion , with plates drifting and interacting over geological time scales .
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a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

软流圈, 軟流層

软流圈, 軟流層

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karst
[名词]

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

喀斯特, 喀斯特地貌

喀斯特, 喀斯特地貌

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orogeny
[名词]

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

造山作用, 山脉形成

造山作用, 山脉形成

Ex: The orogeny played a role in the formation of the supercontinent Laurasia during the Paleozoic era .
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geode
[名词]

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

晶洞, 放射状晶体岩

晶洞, 放射状晶体岩

Ex: During a field trip , students unearthed geode in a riverbed , marveling at the hidden treasures inside .
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kimberlite
[名词]

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

金伯利岩, 金伯利石

金伯利岩, 金伯利石

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glaciation
[名词]

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

冰川作用, 冰川期

冰川作用, 冰川期

Ex: Glaciation played a role in shaping the iconic Yosemite Valley in California .
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moraine
[名词]

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

冰碛, 冰川堆积物

冰碛, 冰川堆积物

Ex: moraines, resulting from the merging of two glaciers , were observed in the high mountain ranges .
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drumlin
[名词]

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

鼓丘, 冰碛丘

鼓丘, 冰碛丘

Ex: As the ice sheet advanced , it left behind a series drumlins, each bearing evidence of its journey .
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seismology
[名词]

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

地震学, 地震科学

地震学, 地震科学

Ex: The principles seismology are applied to investigate the effects of earthquakes on structures and infrastructure .
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caldera
[名词]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

火山口, 塌陷口

火山口, 塌陷口

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diagenesis
[名词]

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

成岩作用, 沉积物成岩

成岩作用, 沉积物成岩

Ex: The study diagenesis provides insights into the history of sedimentary rocks and the environmental conditions present during their formation , as well as their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs .
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